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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mucous membrane
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This is involved in secretion, absorption, and protection and is made up of epithelial tissue.
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Serious layer
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This is the outer coating of organs and it lubricates organs and creates a friction free environment.
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Visceral Peritoneum
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What covers the external surface of most digestive organs?
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Peritoneal Cavity
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What serves to lubricate digestive organs and allows them to slide across one another?
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Incisors (8)
Canines (4) Bicuspids (8) Molars (12) |
What are the types of teeth?
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Control of Salivation
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What is stimulated by the sight, smell, or though of food and also stimulated by parasympathetic impulses, the presence of food in the oral cavity, and irritation of the stomach and esophagus?
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Pharynx
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What is the passageway for air, food, and drink?
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-thick coat of bicarbonate-rich mucus
-epithelial cells that are joined by tight junctions -gastric glands that have cells impermeable to HCl |
Mucosal barrier of the stomach contains?
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Mucosa
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What is the simple columnar epithelium?
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Gastric pits
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What is the name for cells that contain acid until we need it to digest food?
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-mucous cells: secrete mucus
-Parietal cells: secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor -Cheif cells: secrete pepsinogen |
What are the glandular cells and their functions?
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-mucous coat: produces a highly alkaline mucus
-epithelial cell replacement: occurs every 3-6 days -tight junctions between the epithelial cells to prevent gastric juice seepage |
What functions as protection for the stomach?
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Cephalic phase
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This is the phase when the stomach responds to the sight, smell, taste, or though of food.
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Gastric phase
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This is the phase when the presence of food in digestive tract, the stomach distension, and changes in pH stimulate gastric secretions.
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Intestinal phase
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This is the stage in which gastric secretions are in response to the intestinal gastrin (gastrin is release when the stomach contents first enter the small intestine)
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Receptive relaxation and adaptive relaxation
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What is included in reflex-mediated events?
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-Peristaltic waves move toward the pylorus
-basice electrical rhythm(BER) is initiated by pacemaker cells (cell of Cajal) -most vigorous peristalsis and mixing occurs near the pylorus -Chyme is delivered in small amounts to the doudenum or forced backward into the stomach for further mixing |
List contractile activites.
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1-regulates glucose cencentrations in the blood
2-controls the synthesis and catabolism of fats and proteins 3-stores glycogen, iron, and vitamins A, D, and B12 4-Filters damaged red blood cells and bacteria from the blood 5-detoxifies the blood |
What are the fnctions of the liver?
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-emulsify fats
-aid in the absorption of fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat soluble vitamin D |
What are the functions of bile salts?
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enterohepatic circulations
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What ist he recycling of bile salts?
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cholecystokinin (CCK)
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What is released when chyme enters the duodenum?
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-gallbladder to contract
-secretion of pancreatic juice -relaxes the hepatopancreatic sphincter so bile and pancreatic juices can be released in to the duodenum |
What does cholecystokinin do?
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secretin-which is released in response to the acid in chyme
cholecystokinin-released in response to the presence of fats and proteins present in chyme |
What hormones are released by the pancreas?
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bacterial flora
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What breaks down cellulose, produces viatmins K, B12, thiamine, riboflavin, and produces methan gas?
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haustral contractions
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What are slow segmenting movements lasting about one minute that occur every 30 minutes or so?
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pulmonary ventilation
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What is movement of air in and out of the lungs?
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external respiration
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What is movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and movement of carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs?
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transport of respiratory gases
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What is transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs?
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internal respiration
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What is movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the blood?
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
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What are the three regions of the pharynx?
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-keeps food and drink out of the airway
-sound production -acts as a sphincter during abdominal straining |
What are the functions of the larynx?
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trachea
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What works as an air passageway and to clean, warm and moisten incoming air?
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Bronchi
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What functions solely as an air passageway?
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Type 1 alveolar cells, type 2 alveolar cells, and dust cells
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What are the cell populations present in alveoli?
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At constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
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What does Boyle's law state?
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The volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
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What does Charles' law state?
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pulmonary compliance
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What is the ease at which lungs expand?
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-hypothalmus and limbic system (send signals to respiratory control centers)
-Chemoreceptors (monitor pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels) -Vagus nerve (X) transmits sensory signals to the respiratory centers when irritated) -Inflation reflex (prevents the lungs from overinflating) |
What are the afferent connections to the brainstem?
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voluntray control
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What is controled by the motor cortex of the cerebrum?
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hyperpnea
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What is increased rate and depth of breathing (normal rapid)?
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Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume
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What are the four measures of respiratory volumes?
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