Fas 332 Final Exam - Asu

Front 1

Define rape/sexual assault.

Back 1

• non-consent, sexual act
• Rape- non-consenting oral, anal, or vaginal penetration obtained by force, by threat of bodily hard, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent
• Sexual assault is a general term involving non-consent in some form of sexual act or behavior

Front 2

List types of rape/sexual assault, indicating which type occurs most frequently. (In what setting(s) is that type of rape more likely to occur?)

Back 2

• Date Rape
• Marital Rape
• Victim
• Men as victims of rape
• Prison rape
• Ethnicity

Front 3

Describe the feelings and emotional distress experienced by rape survivors, indicating the peak time period of such distress.

Back 3

• Emotional reactions immediately after a rape can be severe. Numbness. The high levels of distress generally reach a peak 2-3 weeks after the assault and continue at a high level for the next month
• There is then gradual improvement beginning 2 or 3 months after the assault.
• Raped women report more fear, anxiety, self-esteem problems, and sexual disorders which may persist for 18 months or longer
• Some women experience self-blame where a woman may spend hours agonizing over what she did to cause the rape or what she might have done to prevent it.
• Women may suffer from physical injuries such as cuts, and bruises, and vaginal pain and bleeding

Front 4

Explain the issue of “blaming the victim” that too often occurs after a rape/ sexual assault.

Back 4

• Societies have a view of what victims are portrayed like in the way a person is dressed or the way they are acting. We have this view on rape victims, this because we are uncomfortable, it helps us feel safer.
• Victim’s may start blaming themselves for what happened.
• blaming themselves, because they could have stopped it
• why do people blame victim? -acting, dressed, flirting- helps us feel we are "safer"(i wouldnt have worn that, i wouldnt have gone jogging at 6am)

Front 5

What is PTSD and how is this disorder related to rape/sexual assault?

Back 5

• PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) is a long-term psychological distress suffered by someone who has experienced a terrifying event.
• PTSD is related to rape/sexual assault as some rape victims who experience severe long-term psychological symptoms are actually experience PTSD.

Front 6

How does the possibility of rape/sexual assault affect the lives and behavior of half the human race?

Back 6

• a. Example: the infant whose gender isn’t clear when we meet him or her, therefore we seek more information about it
• b. Schema-general knowledge framework that a person has about a particular topic
• Rape effects everyone, it could happen to anyone
• it affects women more than men and that is half the human race

Front 7

Evaluate the idea that miscommunication and misinterpretation can sometimes lead to rape/sexual assault.

Back 7

• girls being drunk
• flirting
• bf/girl friend thinking the other wants it because they are dating

Front 8

What are “roofies”?

Back 8

• Date rape drugs put into drinks to cause people to "blackout" and not remember what they are doing
• rohypnol

Front 9

Define marital rape? When did it become a crime to rape/sexually assault a spouse? What are the major motivations for marital rape?

Back 9

• 1960s, when your spouse forces you into sex and its not wanted, a man
wanting power over his wife
• second womens movement

Front 10

What type of rape is least likely to be reported to authorities? Which type is most likely to be reported?

Back 10

• least likely- boyfriend/girlfriend rape(acquaintance/date)
• most likely- stranger-cross ethnicity

Front 11

What is the flaw in the typical advice given to women as to “how to keep safe from rape”?

Back 11

• the women are the ones that have to stop it
• Women are always told to walk in groups, learn self defense, carry pepper spray etc However there is no real protection against it, because most the time it's not the stranger in the pushes but someone that the person actually knows.

Front 12

List and briefly describe the various theories or approaches to understanding the causes of rape/sexual assault.

Back 12

• victim rape-women "asking for it"
• psycopathology of rapists- only rape is by mental people
• feminist theory- Rape is done by a man to shower power or dominance
• social disorganization- Social organization of a community is disrupted, so the community can't enforce norms against crimes.

Front 13

Who is Susan Brownmiller?

Back 13

• She is an author and wrote the book "Against Our Will"-first book about rape/assault

Front 14

Offer a brief overview of the various ways rape/sexual assault has been viewed over history.

Back 14

• Rape was once seen as almost always being the woman's fault and was rarely seen as a crime. If a woman was raped by someone other than her husband it was seen as a crime against the husband, because his wife was considered his property. Any compensation for a rape always went to the husband, father etc.
• Before the 1960/70 rape&sexual assault was viewed as the woman's fault. It was only viewed as rape or sexual assault if a woman was assaulted by someone she wasn't married to. If a woman was married and a husband raped his wife, it would have been considered consensual and 'silly' for a woman to consider it rape. Since these times, rape and sexual assault are illegal in all instances, even if the individual is married

Front 15

What feature of a society has been shown to be strongly correlated with the incidence of rape/sexual assault?

Back 15

• gender & equality
• Some features of a society would be the rise of drugs and alcohol use also gangs, parties, and pornography.

Front 16

In what setting is male rape relatively frequent? Who typically perpetrates male rape? What is the motivation for such crimes?

Back 16

• Male rape is more likely to occur in prisons. The males in prison are among male inmates and therefore have to satisfy their sexual needs with the most vulnerable inmates, such as sex offenders. It is an expression of power and aggression; prisoners use it as a means of establishing a dominance hierarchy. Usually perpetrated by 2 or more heterosexual men

Front 17

Why is it so difficult to gather accurate data about perpetrators of rape/ sexual assault?

Back 17

• a lot go unreported, more than 15%
• It’ s difficult to gather accurate information because the victims must report the rape and if they don’t do so, that victim’s rape will go unknown.

Front 18

Can rape/sexual assault be eradicated? How, according to your textbook authors and your instructor?

Back 18

• According to the textbook, rape/sexual assault can be eradicated by our society making a radical change in the way it socializes males, also significantly changing the way boys are brought up by their families. When people decide to stop it is when it can be stopped.

Front 19

Define incest. What is the most commonly occurring type of incest?

Back 19

• Incest: Sexual contact between blood relatives, although the definition is often extended to include sex between nonblood relatives- for example, stepfather and stepdaughter. Most commonly occurring type is sibling incest.

Front 20

Define child sexual abuse. Who are most often the targets of child sexual abuse?

Back 20

• The sexual coercion of children. An example is incest. Most abusers are family friends and relatives. Girls are most often the targets.

Front 21

Define what is meant by the term sexual harassment.

Back 21

• any form of unwanted sexual contact/acts/remarks

Front 22

List & briefly describe the various types of sexual harassment that occur in the workplace. Which of these might also occur in a college setting?

Back 22

• hostel work environment- feel like your threatened at work
• quit pro quo- "you could go far in this company if you treated your boss better"

Front 23

What is meant by the term “variations in sexual behavior”? Which term is preferred for referring to the whole array of such variations?

Back 23

• sexual deviance
• fetish - rain coat-have to wear
• different kinds of sexual behavior that can be seen as abnormal
◦s&m
◦sex with animals

Front 24

What is a paraphilia?

Back 24

• Philia- means loves(love for)
• curly blonde hair-into that and not a person WITH curly blonde hair

Front 25

Define fetish and fetishism. What is transvestic fetishism? (aka fetishistic transvestism)

Back 25

• Fetishism: a sexual arousal a person receives from a physical object, or from a specific situation
• Transvestic fetishism: a heterosexual man who dresses in female clothing to produce or enhance sexual arousal, Transvestism is almost exclusively a male sexual variation and is essentially unknown among women
• Fetish: Sexual fantasies, urges, behaviors involving use of nonliving objects; to produce or enhance sexual arousal with or in the absence of a partner over a period of at least six months, causing significant distress

Front 26

Distinguish between the cross-dressing of a transgendered person versus that of a transvestite.

Back 26

• A transgendered person wears the clothes of the opposite sex because that’s what they feel most comfortable in. A transvestite cross dresses because it gives them sexual arousal

Front 27

Distinguish between coercive vs. non-coercive paraphilias.

Back 27

• Coercive means consent is not given (or forceD) such as Frotteurism (the touching or rubbing of one’s genitals against of the body of a non-consenting person, usually in a crowded place)
• Non-coercive means consent is given

Front 28

Which paraphilic behavior often results in death? What is the typical profile of such a paraphilic?

Back 28

• Asphyxiophilia, most involve men, but many cases could be women which is hard for police to tell

Front 29

What seems to be the most arousing factor in an exhibitionist’s behavior?

Back 29

• The fact that they are shocking or causing strong emotional responses

Front 30

What crime is often associated with fetishism?

Back 30

• Burglary (wanting a girls panties)

Front 31

What is sadomasochism? What is known about the origins or causes of these behaviors?

Back 31

• Rare form of sexual behavior otherwise known as sexual masochist, when a person is aroused sexually by fantasies or urges involving being beaten, humliated bound or tourtured. No exact origin but looks to conditioning as an example, but theories relate to childhood sexual abuse or desire to escape from self awareness.

Front 32

What is voyeurism? What is the most arousing stimulus for a voyeur?

Back 32

• Viewing nudes "peeping Toms" often while the voyeur is masturbating

Front 33

What is frotteurism? Where is one more likely to encounter frotteuristic behavior?

Back 33

• "sexual fantasies or urges involving touching or rubbing ones genitals against the body of a non-consenting person, in a crowded or public place, in a period over 6 months, and caused by marked distress". 35% of college men reported engaging in this activity.

Front 34

Do masochists seek opportunities to experience pain?

Back 34

• not if it is not part of the scripted ritual. they experience sexual gratification by giving and receiving pain only when it is being played out like by S-M

Front 35

Organize a list of paraphilias as to whether they are viewed as coercive or non-coercive.

Back 35

• Coercive- sexual sadist, sexual masochist (B-D, D-S), asphyxiophilia, zoophilia, frotteurism, sailromania,
• noncoercive-fetishism, transvestism, voyeurism, scoptophilia, exhibitionism,
• necrophiliac, crophilia, urophilia

Front 36

Define pedophilia. List and describe some known characteristics of pedophiles.

Back 36

• pedophilia- adult having sexual activity with a prepubescent child , usually age 13 or younger.
•Characteristics: head injuries before age 6, lack interpersonal skills in heterosexual relationship, strong mental association between children & sex.

Front 37

Why are anti-prostitution laws evaluated as hypocritical?

Back 37

• because now a days women will let men buy them dinner/jewelry/clothes.... that is buying them just like buying prostitutes

Front 38

Distinguish among pornography, erotica & obscenity.

Back 38

• PORNOGRAPHY-(sexual arousing) considered degrading or demeaning portrayals to humans especially women.
• EUROTICA- arousal that is not degrading or demeaning to the human race & Obscenity= foul, disgusting, lewd moments/comments found in pornography

Front 39

Define sex-trafficking. Why is this criminal behavior considered a modern-day form of slavery?

Back 39

• Sex trafficking- recruitment or control of a person, by threat deception or force for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Because they are essential controlled by these men , they take there money, belongings, an threating them by physical harm or harm to their families if they do not obey or runaway.

Front 40

What early life experiences are strongly correlated with sex-work?

Back 40

•physical or sexual abuse as children

Front 41

Alfred Kinsey

Back 41

Institue for sex research (Indiana University)

Front 42

Margaret Sanger

Back 42

birth control activist

Front 43

Helen Kaplan

Back 43

first clinic for sexual disorder

Front 44

Robert Sternberg

Back 44

triangular theory of love (intimacy, passion, commitment)

Front 45

Epididymis

Back 45

storage unit sperm

Front 46

Seminiferous tubules

Back 46

sperm formation

Front 47

Fallopian tubes

Back 47

stairway to heaven, fertilization

Front 48

Vulva

Back 48

internal organ protection, arousal, accommodate childbirth

Front 49

Vasocongestion

Back 49

blood to sex organs

Front 50

Sexual script

Back 50

culturally known process

Front 51

MSM

Back 51

men who have sex with other men w/o being homosexual

Front 52

Gender identity

Back 52

how one views/feels/addresses oneself

Front 53

Sex that you are vs gender

Back 53

interpersonal/social/culturally statement vs. genetic predisposition

Front 54

Gender schema:

Back 54

• Schema-general knowledge framework that a person has about a particular topic.
• Example: the infant whose gender isn’t clear when we meet him or her, therefore we seek more information about it.

Front 55

Transgenderism:

Back 55

• Transgenderism-is when an individual changes their gender externally, no surgery involved.

Front 56

Intersexual:

Back 56

• When contradictions occur among any of the biological factors during prenatal sexual development, a person is said to be intersexual. In other words, the gender of the individual is biologically ambiguous. Typically, the chromosomal gender and gonadal gender are in disagreement.

Front 57

Transsexual:

Back 57

• if an individual goes all the way in changing their body with surgery.

Front 58

Describe the issue surrounding the concepts of foreplay vs. afterplay

Back 58

• Foreplay can be overlooked. Foreplay and climax are substantial, limited scientific studies that makes it universal

Front 59

Which coital position more often results in female orgasm?

Back 59

woman on top

Front 60

HPG Axis

Back 60

• HPG= Hypothalamus , Pituitary Gland ,Gonads
• Males- acyclic, regulates testosterone levels
• Females- cyclic, menstruation cycle, monthly
• Negative feedback loop in both males and females

Front 61

HPV

Back 61

• human papillomavirus, organism that causes genital warts. The population group most susceptible are females ages 14-19, the prevalence is 35%.

Front 62

Social construction

Back 62

• the totality of observable differences between men and women in a particular society (Example: Adolescence)

Front 63

Withdrawal

Back 63

• form of contraceptive, pulling out

Front 64

When, in her monthly cycles, is a woman most likely to become pregnant?

Back 64

• Two weeks after menstruation cycle ends, ovulation.