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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What drugs are used for hyperthyroidism?
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- Propylthiouracil
- Methimazole |
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What is the mechanism of Propylthiouracil and Methimazole?
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- Blocks thyroid peroxidase → inhibits oxidation of iodide and organification (coupling) of iodine → inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis
- Propylthiouracil also blocks 5'-deiodinase → ↓ peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 |
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What are the clinical uses of Propylthiouracil and Methimazole?
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- Hyperthyroidism
- Propylthiouracil blocks Peripheral conversion, used in Pregnancy |
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What are the possible side effects of Propylthiouracil and Methimazole?
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- Skin rash
- Agranulocytosis (rare) - Aplastic anemia - Hepatotoxicity (Propylthiouracil) - Teratogen (Methimazole - can cause aplasia cutis) |
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What drugs are used for hypothyroidism?
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- Levothyroxine |
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What is the mechanism and uses of Levothyroxine and Triiodothyronine?
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- Thyroxine replacement
- Used for hypothyroidism and myxedema |
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What are the possible side effects of Levothyroxine and Triiodothyronine?
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- Tachycardia
- Heat intolerance - Tremors - Arrhythmias |
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What are the clinical uses of GH?
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- GH deficiency
- Turner syndrome |
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What are the clinical uses of Somatostatin (Octreotide)?
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- Acromegaly
- Carcinoid - Gastrinoma - Glucagonoma - Esophageal varices |
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What are the clinical uses of Oxytocin?
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- Stimulates labor, uterine contractions, and milk let-down
- Controls uterine hemorrhage |
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What are the clinical uses of ADH (DDAVP)?
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Pituitary (central) diabetes insipidus
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What drug can be used for esophageal varices?
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Somatostatin (Octreotide)
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What drug is used for SIADH? Mechansim?
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Demeclocycline - ADH antagonist (member of the tetracycline family)
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What are the possible side effects of Demeclocycline?
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- Nephrogenic DI
- Photosensitivity - Abnormalities of bone and teeth |
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What are the types of glucocorticoids?
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- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisone - Triamcinolone - Dexamethasone - Beclomethasone - Fludrocortisone (mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity) |
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What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids?
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Metabolic, catabolic, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects mediated by interactions with glucocorticoid response elements and inhibition of factors such as NF-κB
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What are the clinical uses of glucocorticoids?
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- Addison disease
- Inflammation - Immune suppression - Asthma |
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What are the possible side effects of glucocorticoid therapy?
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- Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome: buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thin skin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis (treat with bisphosphonates), adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcers, diabetes (if chronic)
- Adrenal insufficiency when drug stopped abruptly after chronic use |
