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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Independent Groups. |
Independent groups have completely different groups of people in each condition of the IV and no one gets to be in more than one condition. |
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Independent groups weaknesses; |
It's very difficult to make sure that the two groups contain exactly similar people. It's hard to be sure that the IV is the only difference between the groups and if these participant variables are not controlled, internal validity is ruined. You need more participants which can be time-consuming. |
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Independent groups strengths; |
No order effects where if you test the same group of people twice, they might behave differently the second time. This avoids demand characteristics. |
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Repeated Measures; |
Same participants in every condition, in other words, they experience every condition of the IV. This happens when you test people twice, at different times. |
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Repeated measures strengths; |
It uses fewer people, and you know that the only difference between the experimental condition and the control condition is the IV, because they're the same people. This decreases participant variables. |
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Repeated measures weaknesses; |
Repeated measures can suffer from order effects. If you test the same group of people twice, they might behave differently the second time because they're familiar with the test. This can be sorted by randomisation which determines which condition a participant experiences by random chance. Some people might do the experimental condition first, then the control condition. |
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Matched pairs; |
Pairs are matched in the experimental condition with a similar person in the control condition, for example matching on age, sex, IQ, social class or anything else that's measurable. If successful, participant variables will be reduced. |
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Matched pairs weaknesses; |
Not always possible to find a participant who is a good match. Not always possible to know in advance what variables you have to match people on. Not always possible to operationalise your variables. |
