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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Homeostasis
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Maintenance of a constant internal environment
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How is steady state different than homeostasis?
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Steady state refers to the balance between the demands (besides resting) on the body and the response by the body
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What is the goal of a control system?
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Regulate some physiological variable at or near a constant value
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What are the components of a control system?
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Variable
Sensor Integrator Effector |
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What is the purpose of an integrating center?
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assess input and initiate response
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Define negative feedback
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reponse opposes the initial stimulus
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What does CNS consist of?
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Brain and Spinal cord
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What are the two divisions of PNS?
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- Sensory
- Motor |
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What are two branches of Motor?
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-Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
-Somatic |
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What constitutes a motor unit?
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- One nerve fiber and all of the muscle fibers (cells) it innervates.
- The nerve can innervate several muscle fibers and each muscle fiber several times. |
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What are proprioceptors?
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Sensory neurons that recieve information about joint angle, muscle length, or muscle tension
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What are different types of proprioceptors?
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-muscle spindles (stretch)
-golgi-tendon organs (tendon/tension) |
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What are some chemiclas the muscle chemoreceptors my detect changes in?
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H+
CO2 K+ |
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What types of sensory neurons are muscle spindle, golgi tendon organs, and free nerve endings respectively?
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Ia - muscle spindle
Ib - golgi tendon organs III - myelinated free nerve IV - unmyelinated free nerve |
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What makes up the motor control system?
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Primary motor cortex
Cerebellum Basal ganglia Brain stem Spinal cord |
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What part of the corticospinal tract makes up 80% of fibers?
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Lateral corticospinal tract
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What are the 4 symptoms of parkinson's disease?
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- Tremors
- Slow movement - poor posture and balance - rigid trunk and limbs |
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What are three functions of muscle?
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-Force production for locomotion
-Force production for posture -heat (shivering) |
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Name the connective tissue of muscle going from superficial to deep?
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-Fascia
-Epimysium (covers whole muscle) -Perimysium (covers fascicles) -Endomysium (covers fibers) |
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What are muscle satellite cells?
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Cells that are able to proliferate to regenerate muscle and create more satellite cells.
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What gene plays role in determining muscle size during development?
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Myostatin
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