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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sebaceous glands
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Sebum - lipid oil lubricates skin/hair, retards H2O loss
Everywhere except palms, soles Most abundant in scalp, forehead, face, chin |
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2 types of sweat glands
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eccrine and apocrine
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eccrine
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whole body, saline solution
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apocrine
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BO, underarm, anogenital, milky substance
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equipment for object data
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direct light, cm ruler, penlight, glovers
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2 steps of skin inspection and substeps
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inspection: color, odor, integrity/lesions; palpation: temp, turgor, texture
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pallor
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no collor > anemia, vasoconstriction/stress/shock
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erythema
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red > inflammation
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plethora
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ruddy > polycythemia =incrased RBCs
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cyanosis
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blue> deoxyhemo, (Tetralogy of fallot in children)
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mottling
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splotchy > vasoconstriction (cold/stress)
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jaundice
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yellow > inc bilirubin, hemolysis, hepatobiliary disease,
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Priority
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ABC of oxygenation and circulation by lips and mucous membranes
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vitigigo
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melanin loss
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Freckels
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brown, flat macules sun exposed
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moles/nevi
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melonocytes, flat or raised, less than 6mm (pencil eraser)
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ABCDE
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assymetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter greater than 6, elevation & enlargement
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macule
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<1 , flat (colored)
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patch
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>1 (above)
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papule
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<1 solid, evelated, circumscribed
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plaque
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>1 (above)
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nodule
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>1 (above) deep to dermis
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tumor
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>1 (above) deep into dermis, soft or firm
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vesicle
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<1 clear fluid
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bulla
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>1 (above) blister
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cyst
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encapsulated, fluid cavity to subqu.
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wheal
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misquito// superficial, raised, erythmatous,
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urticaria (hive)
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many wheals, usally pruritic
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pustule
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pus, elevated
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crust
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dry exeduate after vesicle/postule break
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scale
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flakes, dry or greasy
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fissue
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linear crack
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erosion
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shallow
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ulcer
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deep to dermis
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excoriation
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scratching, superfacial, may crust
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kelodid
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hypertrophic scar, elevation after healing
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atrophic scar
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depression after healing
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Color: vascular lesions
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prominent veins
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vascular lesions
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spider, cherry, star angioma (red STAR, circle center with capillary radiation)
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vascualr lesions when?
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pregnancy: face/neck/chest, liver disease, estrogen, normal
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petachiae (bleed)
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small spots
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purpura (bleed)
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larger areas
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ecchymosis (bleed)
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black and blue BRUISE
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hematoma
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blood collects in tissue outside vessels
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ODOR - skins
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after color, before integiry/ palpation
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odor gives info about
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hygiene, general health, diseases (uremic fetor)
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check for integrity (3)
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intact? color of lesios, elevation (flat, raised, pedunculated), pattern/shape (annular, grouped, linera), size, location and distribution, execudate
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Palpation steps
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not intact > gloves, press or stretch
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palpation checks for
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tempterature: dorsum of hand, bilateral, hands and feet coder, localized or generalized?
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palpation checks for turgor
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poor, slow to return, no resistance
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skin palpation:EDEMA
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ankle malleous or tibia for pitting \
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pitting scale
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not universal`
1+ mild, slight 1cm 2+ moderate, indent subsides rapidly 2cm 3+ deep, indent short time 4+ very deep, indent long time 4cm check bilateral |
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anasarca
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total body edema
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Skin palpation: Texture
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normal= smooth and firm
abnormal=rough, dry, flaky, bumpy |
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Hair/Scalp steps
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inspection:
color, distribution, condition of scalp palpate: tender?, masses, texture of hair |
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Hair> Inspect> Color
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color, graying?
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hair> inspect> condition
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glovers, section hair, behind ears and occiput
SHOULD BE: clean, no lesions or pests |
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dandruff
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seborrhea - loose white flakes
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lice
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pediculosis capitis
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hair> palpate> tender?
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ask if tender as palpate
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hair> palpate> masses
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irregularities, lumps, bumps, etc
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hair> palpate> texture of hair
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brittle, greasy etc?
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Nair steps
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inspection: color, shape, consistency, clubbing (4)
palpation: capillary refill |
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Nail > inspect> color
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normal : translucent/ pink nailbed (ABC)
linear bands clean abnormal: cyanosis, paronychia, splinter hemmorages |
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cyanosis of nail indicates
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hypoxia or vascualr insufficiency
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paronychia
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red, swollen tende nail folds > infection
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splinter hemmorages indicate
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trauma or bacterial endocarditis (liner red streaks)
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nail> inspect> shape
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normal: curved or flat, nail folds smooth and round
abnormal: koilonychia, pitting, depressed |
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koilonychia
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depression and lateral tilt up (spoon)
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Nail> inspect> CONSISTENCY
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normal: smooth, regular surface, uniform thickness
abnormal: brittle or splitting, thickened, uneven |
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clubbing
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greater than 180, indicates chronic hypoxia, COPD, CHF, CHD, cyanotic
nail bed spongy to palpate |
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nail> palpate> CAPILLARY REFILL
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3 SECS
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capillary refille indicates
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peripheral perfusion, vasoconsitiction (stress/cold)
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senile lentigines
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liver spots
nonmalignant melonocyte clusters (sun exposure) |
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adult assessment: MOISTURE
xerosis |
dry skin (common)
due to decrease size/number/output of sweat and sebaceous glands |
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Adult texture
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skin tags (eyelids, cheeks, neck, axillae, back
OVERGROWTH of normal skin forms a STALK |
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Adult assessment: Sebaceous hyperplasia
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raised yellow papules with central depression (pebbly)
more common in men (face) |
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adult assessment: thickness
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very thin, SQ fat decreases (atrophy)
bony hands, forearms, lower legs, feet prominences |
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adult: MOBILITY AND TURGOR
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decrease elasticity, tenting
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adult: HAIR
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growth decreases (axillae and public areas)
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post menopause
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birstly hair on chin/upper lips
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why?
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androgens
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male
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male pattern balding
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graying, why?
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decrease melanocyte
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Adult: Nails
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grown decrease
brittle, yellow, thickened toenails |
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what does thickened nails mean?
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less vascularity
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