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212 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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yellow-orange tones in the skin color are dictated by the amount of _____ contained in the tissue
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carotene
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the fine, soft, faint hair that covers most of the body
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vellus hair
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dark, coarse, thick hair that appears on the head, etc
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terminal hair
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vellus hair does not normally grow where?
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soles of feet
inside of labia glans penis palms of the hands |
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skin erythema
clue for what? |
venous stasis
polycythemia carbon monoxide poisoning |
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ashen gray color in dark skin
marked pallor in white skin clue for what? |
anemia
shock states arterial insufficiency |
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thin, shiny skin (atrophic)
clue for what? |
arterial insufficiency
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clubbed finger nails
clue for what? |
congenital heart disease
chronic respiratory disease |
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hirsutism (abnormal distribution of body hair)
clue for what? |
certain endocrine and metabolic disorders
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change in mole
is a clue for what? |
possibility of cancer
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loss of hair
is a clue for what? |
alopecia
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excessive hair growth
is a clue for what? |
hirsutism
(possible endocrine disorder) |
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mobility and turgor is best palpated by
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pinching up a skinfold under the clavicle
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pallor in a black-skinned person appears as
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an ashy gray color
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hyperemia in light-skinned whites appears as
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bright pink or red complexion
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the most important equipment for skin inspection
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strong direct lighting
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it is important to collect data about where a person works because
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skin cancer often results from exposure to occupational agents
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KOH preparation is used to prepare slides for diagnosis of
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fungal infections
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a Wood's light is used to help detect
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tinea capitis
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assessment of skin temperature is best palpated bilaterally using the
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backs of the hands
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palpation is used to assess
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skin temperature
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skin inspection is used to note
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areas of hypopigmentation
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in dark skinned people, one of the most reliable sites to inspect for color change is
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buccal mucosa
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vetiligo
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unpigmented skin patches
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paronychia
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infection of the cuticle
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hirsutism
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increased hair growth in women
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koilonychia
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spoon nails
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leukonychia
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white spots on the nail plate
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pediculosis
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lice
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diaphoresis
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excessive sweating
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the 5 common skin lesions in older adults
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senile lentigines
seborrheic keratosis sebaceous hyperplasia acrochordons actinic keratosis |
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what common skin lesion in older adults is considered precancerous?
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actinic keratosis
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scars that form at the site of a wound and grow beyond the normal boundaries
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keloids
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areas of either postinflammatory hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation that appear as dark or light spots
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pigmentary disorders
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"razor bumps" or "ingrown hairs"
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pseudofolliculitis
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the "mask of pregnancy", a patchy tan to dark brown discoloration of the face
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melasma
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dark red discolored areas produced by skin trauma
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senile purpura
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the thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells
present at birth |
venix caseosa
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atopic dermatitis
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eczema
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seborrhea
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oily
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xerosis
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dry
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itching
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pruritis
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hirsutism
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shaggy or excessive hair
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alopecia
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significant hair loss
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urticaria
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hives
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equipment needed for skin examination
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strong direct lighting
small centimeter ruler penlight gloves Wood's light magnifying glass KOH, glass slide |
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fear, anger
misleading outcome |
false pallor
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embarrassment
misleading outcome |
false erythema
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hot room
misleading outcome |
false erythema
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chilly or air-conditioned room
misleading outcome |
false pallor; coolness
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cigarette smoking
misleading outcome |
false pallor
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prolonged elevation
misleading outcome |
pallor, coolness
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dependent position
misleading outcome |
redness, warmth, distended veins
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immobilization, prolonged inactivity
misleading outcome |
pallor coolness, nail beds pale, prolonged capillary filling time
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vitiligo
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the complete absence of melanin pigment in patchy areas of skin
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mneumonic for pigmentation check
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ABCDE
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ashen gray color / pallor
occurs with |
anemia, shock, arterial insufficiency
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lemon yellow tint of the face and slightly yellow sclera
occurs with |
pernicious anemia
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fatigue, exertional dyspnea, rapid pulse, dizziness, impaired mental function
occur with |
severe anemias
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erythmia
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an intense redness of the skin from excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries
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cyanosis
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bluish mottled color that signifies decreased perfusion
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cyanosis
occurs with |
hypoxemia
shock heart failure chronic bronchitis congenital heart disease |
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jaundice
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yellow color, indicating rising amounts of bilirubin
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jaundice occurs with
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hepatitis
cirrhosis sickle-cell disease transfusion reaction hemolytic disease of the newborn |
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light or clay colored stools, dark golden urine
often occur with |
jaundice
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generalized hypothermia
occurs with |
central circulatory problems
ex: shock |
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localized hypothermia
occurs with |
peripheral arterial insufficiency
Raynaud's disease |
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increased metabolic rate, causing warm, moist skin
occurs with |
hyperthyroidism
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diaphoresis
occurs with |
thyrotoxicosis
stimulation of the nervous system with anxiety or pain |
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diaphoresis
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profuse perspiration
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skin feels smooth and soft like velvet
occurs with |
hyperthyroidism
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skin feels rough, dry, and flaky
occurs with |
hypothyroidism
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thin, shiny skin
occurs with |
arterial insufficiency
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edema does what to the hair follicles?
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makes them more prominent
"pig skin", "orange-peel look" |
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unilateral edema
caused by |
a local or peripheral cause
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bilateral/generalized edema
occurs with |
a central problem
such as heart or kidney failure |
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edema 1+
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mild pitting
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edema +2
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moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
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edema +3
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deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen
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edema +4
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very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
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scleroderma
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"hard skin"
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scleroderma
occurs with |
chronic connective tissue disorder associated with decreased mobility
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senile angiomas
describe |
cherry color
small, smooth slightly raised small dots |
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when a lesion develops on previously unaltered skin
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primary lesion
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when a lesion changes over time or changes infection
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secondary lesion
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lesions with blue-green fluorescence
indicate what? |
fungal infection
ex: tinea capitis |
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tinea capitis
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scalp ringworm
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absent genital hair or abnormal configuration
indicates what? |
endocrine abnormalities
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hirsutism
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excess body hair
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hirsutism
indicates what? |
endocrine abnormalities
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clubbing of nails
indicate what? |
congenital chronic cyanotic heart disease
emphysema chronic bronchitis |
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pits, traverse grooves, or lines in nails
indicate what? |
nutrient deficiency
acute illness |
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thick, ridged nails
indicate what? |
arterial insufficiency
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spongy nail base
indicates what? |
clubbing
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brown linear streaks in nail plate
indicates what? |
possible melanoma
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leukonychia striata
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whitening of the nails
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cyanotic nail beds or sluggish color return after palpation
indicates what? |
cardiovascular or respiratory dysfunction
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mongolian spot
common in what individuals? |
black, Asian, American Indian, Hispanic newborns
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mongolian spot
appearance |
blue-black to purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks
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common erythematous states in newborns
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initial vasomotor instability
harlequin color change erythema toxicum |
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harlequin color change
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cause is unknown
occurs when the baby is in a side-lying position |
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erythema toxicum
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common rash that occurs in the first 3 - 4 days of life
cause is unknown |
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common cyanotic conditions in newborns
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acrocyanosis
cutis marmorata |
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acrocyanosis
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bluish color around the lips, hands, fingernails, feet,toenails
disappears with waming |
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cutis marmorata
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a transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures
forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin |
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persistent generalized cyanosis in newborns
indicates |
distress
such as cyanotic congenital heart disease |
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persistent or pronounced cutis marmorata
occurs with what? |
Down's syndrome
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green-brown discoloration of the skin, nails, and cord of newborns
indicates |
passing of meconium in utero
indicating fetal distress |
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jaundice on the first day of life
indicates what? |
hemolytic disease
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jaundice after 2 weeks of age
indicates what? |
biliary tract obstruction
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excessive sweating in children
indicates what? |
hypoglycemia
heart disease hyperthydroidism |
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tiny, white papules on the cheeks, forehead, and across the nose and chin
in infants |
milia
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poor turgor or "tenting" in newborns
indicates what? |
dehydration
malnutrition |
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flat, irregularly shaped red or pink patch found on the forehead, etc
in infants |
storkbite
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scaly crusted scalp in infants
occurs with what? |
seborrheic dermatitis
"cradle cap" |
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jagged linear "stretch marks" of silver to pink color in pregnant females
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striae
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brownish black line down the midline in pregnant females
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linea nigra
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irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on the face in pregnant females
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chloasma
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small, flat, brown macules
in aging adults |
senile lentigines
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raised, thickened areas of pigmentation that look crusted, scaly, and warty
in aging adults |
seborrheic keratosis
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red-tan scaly plaques that increase over the years to become raised and toughened
in aging adults |
actinic/senile/solar keratosis
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what skin hyperpigmentation in aging adults is premalignant?
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actinic/senile/solar keratosis
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"skin tags"/overgrowth of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyplike
in aging aduults |
acrochordons
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raised, yellow papules with a central depression (pebbly look)
in aging adults |
sebaceus hyperplasia
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annular
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circular
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confluent
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lesions run together
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discrete
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distinct, individual lesions that remain separate
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grouped
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clusters of lesions
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gyrate
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twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike
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target
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iris
resembles iris of eye, concentric rings of color in the lesions |
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linear
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scratch, streak, line, or stripe
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polycyclic
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annular lesions that grow together
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zosteriform
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linear arrangement along a nerve route
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annular
examples |
tinea corporis
tinea veriscolor pityriasis rosea |
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confluent
example |
urticaria (hives)
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discrete
example |
molluscum
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grouped
example |
vesicles of contact dermatitis
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target
example |
erythema multiforme
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polycyclic
example |
lichen planus
psoriasis |
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zosteriform
example |
herpes zoster
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plaque
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papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm
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nodule
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solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm
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wheal
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superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous
slightly irregular shape due to edema |
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vescicle
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elevated cavity containing free fluid
clear serum a "blister" |
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bulla
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ex: friction blister, burns, etc
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cyst
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encapsulated fluid-filled cavity, tensely elevating skin
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pustule
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turbid fluid in the cavity
circumscribed and elevated |
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crust
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thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst and dry up
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scale
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compact, desiccated flakes of skin
from shedding of dead excess keratin cells |
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fissure
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linear crack with abrupt edges, extends into dermis
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erosion
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scooped out but shallow depression
superficial moist but no bleeding |
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ulcer
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deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape, may bleed, leaves scar
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excoriation
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self-inflicted abrasion, superficial, sometimes crusted, scratches from intense itching
ex: insect bites |
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scar
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after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen)
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atrophic scar
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resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue
thinning of the epidermis |
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lichenification
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prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens the skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules
looks like surface of moss |
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keloid
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hypertrophic scar
resulting skin level is elevated by excess scar tissue, which is invasive beyond the site of original injury |
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a bruise you can feel
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hematoma
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nevus flammeus
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port-wine stain
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immature hemangioma
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strawberry mark
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cavernous hamengioma
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reddish-blue, irregularly shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels
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spider/star angioma
associated with what? |
pregnancy
chronic liver disease estrogen therapy also may be normal |
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blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern
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venous lakes
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tiny punctate hemmorhages
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petechiae
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petechiae may indicate
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abnormal blood clotting factors
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confluent and extensive patch of petechia and ecchymosis, red to purple, macular hemmorhage
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purpura
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purpura
common in what abnormal conditions? |
scurvy
thrombocytopenia |
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purpura
common in what normal conditions? |
old age (blood leaks from capillaries in response to minor trauma and diffuses through dermis)
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moist, thin-roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base
rapture to form thick, honey-colored crusts |
impetigo
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impetigo
cause by what? |
contagious bacterial infection of skin
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atopic dermatitis
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eczema
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rubeola
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measles
|
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red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash
appears first behind ears looks coppery and does not blanch Koplik's spots in mouth |
rubeola
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pink papular rash first appears on face, then spreads
absence of Koplik's spots |
rubella
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small tight vesicles first appear on trunk then spread
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varicella
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local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment or an allergy
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primary contact dermatitis
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erythematous and symmetric rash, usually generalized
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allergic drug reaction
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scales, hyperpigmented in whites and depigmented in dark skin, on chest, etc
form multiple circular lesions with clear centers |
tinea coproris
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Athlete's Foot
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tinea pedis
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scaly erythematous patch, with silvery scales on top
usually on scalp, outside of elbows/knees, low back, anogegnital area |
psoriasis
|
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fine, scaling, round patches of pink, tan, or white that do not tan in sunlight
caused by superficial fungal infection |
tinea veriscolor
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small grouped vesicles emerge along route of cutanoeus sensory nerve then pustules, then crusts
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herpes zoster (shingles)
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distinctive bull's eye rash
fatigue, anorexia, fever, chills, muscle/joint aches |
erythema migrans
of lyme disease |
|
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skin-colored papule with a translucent top..develops rounded pearly borders with central red ulcer
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basal cell carcinoma
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most common form of skin cancer
|
basal cell carcinoma
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usually brown nevi, often irregular or notched borders, may have scaling, flaking, oozing
|
malignant melanoma
|
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erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins
develops central ulcer and surrounding erythema |
squamous cell carcinoma
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thick, yellow to white, greasy
adherent scales with mild erythema on scalp and forehead |
seborrheic dermatitis
cradle cap |
|
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rounded patchy hair loss on scalp, leaving broken-off hairs, pustules, and scales on skin
|
tinea capitis
scalp ringworm |
|
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patchy, asymmetric balding that accompanies severe illness or use of chemotherapy
|
toxic alopecia
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sudden appearance of a sharply circumscribed, round or oval balding patch, usually with smooth, soft, hairless skin underneath
|
alopecia areata
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linear or oval patch of hair loss along hair line
caused by trauma from hair rollers, tight braiding, etc |
traumatic alopecia
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traumatic self-induced hair loss
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trichotillomania
|
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history includes intense itching of the scalp, nits of lice, etc
|
pediculosis capitis
|
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superficial infection of hair follicles
|
folliculitis
|
|
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excess body hair in females
|
hirsutism
|
|
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hirsutism
caused by |
endocrine or metabolic dysfunction
|
|
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red, swollen, hard, tender, pus-filled lesion caused by acute localized bacterial infection
|
furuncle and abscess
|
|
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thin, depressed nails with lateral edges tilted up, forming a concave profile
|
koilonychia
spoon nails |
|
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koilonychia
caused by |
iron deficiency anemia
|
|
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transverse furrow or groove in nail
|
beau's line
|
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beau's line
caused by |
acute illness
toxic reaction local trauma |
|
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red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds
|
paronychia
|
|
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red-brown linear streaks, embolic lesions, occur with subacute bacterial endocarditis in nails
|
splinter hemorrhages
|
|
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splinter hemorrhages
indicate what? |
subacute bacterial endocarditis
minor trauma |
|
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proximal edge of nail elevates
angle is greater than 180* distal phalanx looks rounder and wider |
late clubbing
|
|
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clubbing of the nails
occurs with |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
congenital heart disease with cyanosis |
|
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slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and toenails
fungus causes change in color, texture, thickness, etc |
onycholysis
|
|
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sharply defined pitting and crumbling of the nails with distal detachment
often occurs with psoriasis |
pitting
|
|
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depression down middle of nail or multiple horizontal ridges
caused by continuous picking of a cuticle |
habit-tic dystrophy
|
|
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Shedding of old skin cells as new skin cells are pushed up from the lower layers of the epidermis.
|
Desquamation
|
|
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Seborrhea
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dandruff
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