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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which is FALSE?
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a)the earth is about 25,000 miles around
b)the earth is about 93 million miles from the sun c) about 29% of the earth's surface is land d)the fact that the earth rotates on a tilted axis is responsible for the four seasons in Colorado. e) the age of the earth is estimated to be about 2.5 billion years |
answer: e) the age of the earth is estimated to be about 2.5 billion years
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Which of the following relationships is FALSE?
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a) cellular organelles make up cells
b) organs make up tissues c)communities are a part of ecosystems d) atoms make up molecules e) individuals of the same species make up populations |
answer:b) organs make up tissues
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Environmental management would MOST appropriately involve which of the following?
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a) population ecology
b) forestry c) endangered species d) community ecology e) anthrobiogeochemical cycles |
answer: b) forestry
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Ecosystems involve all of the following EXCEPT:
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a) the cycling of energy between the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment
b) communities of organisms c) communities interacting with the non-living part of their environment d) materials cycling between the abiotic environment through various levels of the community e) the flow of energy from the sun through various trophic levels |
answer:a) the cycling of energy between the biotic and abiotic parts of the environme
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of water?
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a)expands when freezing
b)high heat of vaporization c)high adhesive qualities d)low surface tension, thus low cohesiveness e)high heat capacity |
answer:d)low surface tension, thus low cohesiveness
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a) We as humans are one of about 100 million different species
b) we are a relatively young species, having been around about 1 million years c) our total population today is bout 6.8 billion d) compared with other species, humans are very large e) humans make up about 10% of the total animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems today. |
answer:a) We as humans are one of about 100 million different species
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Which is FALSE?
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a) in the water cycle, what goes up due to evaporation comes down as precipitation.
b) some atmospheric water from the oceans blows over land and results in rainfall there. c) the fossil fuels of today have resulted from excessive plant growth in the carboniferous period of the earth's past d) carbon dioxide is so soluble in water that huge quantities of it are found dissolved in the oceans. e) the nitrogen cycle begins with plants incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into their proteins and nucleic acids. |
answer:e) the nitrogen cycle begins with plants incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into their proteins and nucleic acids.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a) wind driven ocean currents are deflected to the right in the southern hemisphere.
b) a plan flying northward in the northern hemisphere would be deflected to the east c) thirty degrees north and south latitude is where most of the deserts are found on earth d) most of the water vapor generated by evaporation in the tropics condenses and falls back into the oceans as rain e) the prevailing wind patterns on earth are mostly predictable. |
answer:a) wind driven ocean currents are deflected to the right in the southern hemisphere.
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Which is FALSE?
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a) some energy from the second trophic level may be passed on to the first trophic level
b) some energy from the second trophic level may be passed on to the decomposers c) some energy from the second trophic level may be lost through chemical (cell-respiratory) processes d) some energy from the second trophic level may be passed on to the third trophic level e) some energy from the second trophic level may ultimately end up in a fourth trophic level. |
answer:a) some energy from the second trophic level may be passed on to the first trophic level
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Which is FALSE?
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a) sea urchins are necessary for a healthy kelp forest
b) sea otters are necessary for a healthy kelp forest c) under normal conditions, killer whales would have no effect on a healthy kelp forest d) if seal and sea lion populations were drastically reduced, there would be no significant influence on adjacent kelp forests e) increased sea urchin populations result in decreased kelp productivity |
answer:d) if seal and sea lion populations were drastically reduced, there would be no significant influence on adjacent kelp forests
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Assuming an ecological efficiency of 10%, and part of a hypothetical food chain of zooplankton --> small fish --> large fish to --> fish eating birds, what concentration of DDT would be expected to be found in the large fish if the DDT concentration in the zooplankton were 0.005ppm?
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a) .00005ppm
b) .0005ppm c) .05ppm d) 0.5ppm e) 5.0ppm |
answer: d) 0.5ppm
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Which of the following cycles relies on geological uplifting to complete the cycle?
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a) carbon
b) phosphorus c) water d) oxygen e) nitrogen |
answer: b) phosphorus
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A totally closed car in the sunlight could be best used as an example of which of the following?
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a) lakes drying up in hot deserts
b) shrinking polar icecaps c) receding glaciers d) the greenhouse effect e) increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide |
answer: d) the greenhouse effect
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Which of the following is FALSE?
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a) the earth's atmosphere is less transparent to the visible light from the sun than it is to the infrared heat waves
radiating upward from the earth b) water and carbon dioxide are among the greenhouse gasses c) over the last 40 years, there have been significant increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels d) over the last 100 years, there have been slight, but measurable, increases in the global surface temperature e) the size of the Aral Sea in western Asia has decreased significantly in the last 40 years due to the warmer average temperatures in that area |
answer: a) the earth's atmosphere is less transparent to the visible light from the sun than it is to the infrared heat waves radiating upward from the earth
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The number of frogs per acre of marshland would be a measure of:
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a) raw distribution
b) random dispersion c) ecological dispersion d) ecological density e) raw density |
answer: d) ecological density
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Where a population resides is referred to as its:
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a) distribution
b) dispersion c) range d) density e) more than one of these is correct |
answer: e) more than one of these is correct
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Of of the following mechanisms of population control/regulation, how many of them are density-dependent mechanisms? Social dominance--Endocrine feedback--Fire--Territoriality--Predation--Competition
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a) 1
b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 |
answer: e) 5
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In which of the following cases would competition be the greatest?
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a) a chimpanzee and ape in the same forest
b) a lion and cheetah on the savanna c) two people in the same house d) a rat and mouse in the same house e) a dog and cat in the same house |
answer: c) two people in the same house
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Which is FALSE?
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a) worldwide shark populations are declining
b) sharks give birth to live young c) sharks are a good example of type III survivorship d) sharks do not care for their young after they are born e) sharks are presently being killed at a rate of 20-100 million per year |
answer: c) sharks are a good example of type III survivorship
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An intertidal study on Washington state's rocky coast found all of the following to be true EXCEPT:
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a) mussels can survive low tide better than starfish
b) starfishes were considered to be a keystone predator c) an unmanipulated study site had fewer species than one where the starfish were removed d) if starfish were removed, mussel populations increased e) high mussel populations tend to crowd out other species |
answer: c) an unmanipulated study site had fewer species than one where the starfish were removed
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All of the following would be true about survivorship curves EXCEPT:
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a) the horizontal axis represents the percent of the lifespan of the species
b) for comparison purposes, all populations start with 1000 individuals c) marine fishes represent a type III curve d) humans and mice would represent type I curves e) some individuals have an equal probability of dying at any age |
answer: d) humans and mice would represent type I curves
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Which of the following is NOT an attribute of a population?
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a) dispersion
b) density c) species diversity d) distribution/ range e) recruitment rate |
answer:c) species diversity
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On the first night, 100 mice are captured, marked and released. On the fifth night, 100 are captured, of which 20 had been previously marked. What is the population of mice in this area?
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a) 200
b) 400 c) 500 d) 1000 e) 2000 |
answer:c) 500
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All of the following have been identified as endocrine feedback mechanisms due to the effects of crowding in mice populations EXCEPT:
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a) presence of cannibalism
b) loss of function of rear limbs c) pituitary and adrenal gland malfunctions d) breakdown in lactation e) increases in spontaneous abortions |
answer:b) loss of function of rear limbs
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Which of the following about community ecology is FALSE?
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a) severe physical conditions lead to complex communities
b) complex communities lead toward stability c) complex communities lead toward greater symbioses d) community ecotones lead toward greater species diversity. e) community disturbances result in ecological succession |
answer:a) severe physical conditions lead to complex communities
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With respect to the species richness of North and Central American birds and mammals, which of the following is FALSE?
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a) species richness is greater in southern areas
b) species richness is greater in milder climates c) species richness is greater in central America d) species richness is greater in peninsulas e) species richness is greater in birds than mammals |
answer: d) species richness is greater in peninsulas
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The existence of which of the following symbiotic relationships is the most difficult to prove?
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a) mutualism
b) parasitism c) commensalism d) predation e) interspecific competition |
answer:c) commensalism
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Which of the following areas would be best for studying PRIMARY succession?
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a) clear-cut forest
b) newly plowed field c) prairie after a fire d) minor snow slide area in Colorado e) Volcanoes National Park in Hawaii |
answer:e) Volcanoes National Park in Hawaii
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About "fire ecology," which of the following is FALSE?
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a) ground fires are relatively "cold" and add to the nutrient pool via ash
b) most fires are caused by lightening c) among mature pines, crown fires stimulate growth and stop succession d) in the absence of fires, the climax forest community is maintained. e) crown fires destroy the community and incinerate the organic parts of the soil. |
answer:c) among mature pines, crown fires stimulate growth and stop succession
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Increasing biomass, increasing complexity of food chains, greater specialization of niches, tighter nutrient cycles and greater stability would all be characteristics describing "trends in ______?"
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a) increased symbioses
b) increased ecotonal diversity c) ecological succession d) increased ranges of tolerance e) none of the above |
answer:c) ecological succession
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All of the following represent adaptations plants have for fire EXCEPT:
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a) grasses with their below-ground growing parts
b) roots that sprout quickly after a fire such as aspen c) cones/seeds that only open/germinate after fires d) trees with open cones e) thick bark on trees such as redwoods and Ponderosa pines |
answer: d) trees with open cones
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A stacked pile of new thousand dollar bills equating one TRILLION dollars would reach a height of:
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a) 12.5 feet
b) 125 feet c) 375 feet d) 5600 feet e) 71 miles |
answer: e) 71 miles
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Age structure diagrams may exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
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a) sex ratios in each age group (cohort)
b) proportion of the population of post-reproductive age c) percent of the population in each age group d) what the survivorship tendencies are e) trends indicating where the population is headed in the future. |
answer: d) what the survivorship tendencies are
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Which of the following countries is expected to undergo the most rapid population increase in the future?
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a) United States
b) Australia c) Mexico d) Canada e) Sweden |
answer: c) Mexico
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Which is FALSE?
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a) baby boom age groups can be tracked through the population using age structure diagrams.
b) the agricultural revolution began about 1400 AD and had a tremendous impact on human population growth c) the human population is growing exponentially d) the industrial revolution began in about 1800 e) Southern Africa is the most HIV/AIDS infected area in the world |
answer: b) the agricultural revolution began about 1400 AD and had a tremendous impact on human population growth
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a) Africa has a greater percent of its population under age 15 than other regions
b) Africa has the highest growth rate of the various regions today c) Southern South America is one of the few world regions showing a decline in human population today d) the next doubling of the present world's population is expected to be in the 2050 to 2060s e) on average, in Europe, there is about one car for each two people |
answer: c) Southern South America is one of the few world regions showing a decline in human population today
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Which of the following areas is projected to have a decrease in population in the next 50 years?
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a) North America
b) Asia and Oceania c) North and West Africa d) Europe e) Latin America and the Caribbean |
answer: d) Europe
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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a) each world citizen consumes about two tons of fiber per year
b) humans consume about 10% of the total world productivity c) the present and projected trend in world human population indicates a major decline starting about 2100 d) total world resources have been falling for the past 100 years e) about one half of the world's land is NOT usable for cultivated crops or grazing |
answer: c) the present and projected trend in world human population indicates a major decline starting about 2100
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Which is FALSE?
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a) on a percentage basis, developing countries use more RENEWABLE energy today than developed countries.
b) on a percentage basis, developing countries use significantly less natural gas today than developed countries c) in the US today, it takes about 2.6 K cal of energy to produce 1 K cal of corn d) people from industrialized countries use slightly less than 50% of the world's fossil fuels e) people in the US use more than 100 times the energy today as did primitive people in the past |
answer: d) people from industrialized countries use slightly less than 50% of the world's fossil fuels
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All of the following statements are TRUE EXCEPT:
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a) with projections from trends in global warming, some areas in the world, including most of the lower 48 states, are expected to be come drier.
b) a significant number of the fisheries in the North Atlantic have become depleted. c) radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear plant spread around the world, traveling in a westerly direction d) constituting about 4.5% of the world population, the US produces about 72% of the world's hazardous waste production e) developing countries use a significantly greater percentage of RENEWABLE energy resources compared to that of developing countries. |
answer: c) radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear plant spread around the world, traveling in a westerly direction
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