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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RFP
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(Request for Proposal) A formal bid request for research to be done by an outside research service
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6 Key Components of an RFP
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Proposal Administration Info
Price Section Summary Statement of Problem Technical Section Management Section Contract and License Section |
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Proposal Administration Information
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Establishes dates of RFP process
-when RFP is released -when team is available for questions |
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Summary Statement of Problem
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An abstract of the technical section, introducing organization
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Technical Section
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Outlines the problem statement, systems integration and evaluation and analysis
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Management Section
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Manages timing/scheduling, planning and creating reports
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Contract and Licensing Section
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Has contracts that supplies are expected to sign
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Pricing
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Requires all info needed by the suppliers to adequately price the cost of proposal (data collection, data analysis, travel)
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Proposal
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An outline or work plan for a research project, including budgets
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3 types of Proposal
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Internal
External -solicited: ask for them -unsolicited: they ask you Executive Summary Proposal |
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Ethics
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Norms and standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behaviors
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Deception
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When the truth is comprised to prevent biasing participants or protect sponsor confidentiality
-disguising non-research activities -camouflaging true research objectives |
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Deception
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When the truth is comprised to prevent biasing participants or protect sponsor confidentiality
-disguising non-research activities -camouflaging true research objectives |
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Informed Consent
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Participants give full consent to participation after receiving full disclosure of the procedures of the proposed survey or research
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Debriefing
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Describes the goals of the research, as well as the truth and reasons for any deceptions, share results, provide follow-ups
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Rights to Privacy
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Participants rights to refuse being interviewed
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Rights to Safety
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Rights to protect your safety
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Code of Ethics
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An organizations codified set of norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behavior
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Research Design
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Blueprint for fulfilling research objectives and answering questions
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Degree of Research Question Crystallization
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Exploratory: research question is still fluid and undetermined
Formal:Research question is fully developed and hypothesis need to be examined |
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Topical Scope
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Statistical: Attempts to capture a populations characteristics by making inferences from a samples characteristics and then testing resulting hypotheses
Case Study: |
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Purpose of the Study
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Descriptive:Discover answers to the questions who, what, when, where and how much.
Causal: attempts to reveal causal relationships between individuals |
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Research Control Variables
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Experiment: Study involving the manipulation or control of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable.
Ex post Facto: After-the-fact report on what happened to the measured variable |
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Methods of data collection
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Monitoring
Communication |
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Time Dimension
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Cross-sectional
Longitudinal |
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Research Environment
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Field conditions: research occurs in the actual environmental conditions where the dependent variable occurs.
Under laboratory: studies occur under conditions that do not simulate actual environmental conditions simulation: study environment seeks to replicate the natural environment in a controlled situation. |
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Qualitative Research
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Interpretative techniques that seek to come to terms with the meaning, not frequency, of a certain phenomena
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Quantitative Research
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Precise count of some behavior, event, knowledge, opinion or attitude
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Quantitative Research
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Precise count of some behavior, event, knowledge, opinion or attitude
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Pre-tasking
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Exercises to prepare the participant for individual or group interviews
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Qualitative Research Methods
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Non-Probability Sampling:
Purposive: choose participant for unique characteristics Snowball: referring someone Convenience: choosing any readily available participant Interviewing Formats Unstructured:focus groups semi-structured: Structured: specific questions Group Interviews Heterogeneous groups: everyone is different Homogenous: same thing in common Expert: specialize in something non-expert: dont know about topic Action research: brainstorming Focus Group: focus on specific topic |
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Observation
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Full range of monitoring behavioral and non-behavioral activities and conditions
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simple observation
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unstructured and unstandardized observation of people and things
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systematic
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structured study using standardized procedures to observe participants or objects
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behavioral
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non-verbal: recording physical actions or movements
linguistic: observing during conversation, presentation, or interaction extra-linguistic: recording of vocal and temporal interaction and verbal stylistic behaviors of participants spatial: recording how humans physically relate to each one another |
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non-behavioral
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physical conditions: recording of observations of current conditions resulting from prior decisions
process/activity: observation by a time study of stages in a process, evaluating both effectiveness and efficiency record analysis: extraction of data from current or historical records data mining: uses mathematical models to extract info from databases data warehouse data mining |
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observer-participant relationship
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direct observation: observer is physically present and personally monitors what takes place
indirect observation: when the recording is done by a mechanical, photographic, or electronic means |
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concealment
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shields observer from the participant to avoid error caused by the observers presence.
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participant observation
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observer is physically involved in research and interacts with the participant to influence observation methods
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halo effect
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inexperience can be an advantage if there is a risk that experienced observers may have preset conditions about the topic or if the prior observations will influence what is perceived in a current observation
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Communication Approach
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a design involving surveying or interviewing people
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survey
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a measurement process using a highly structured interview
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errors in communication
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interviewing errors: error that results from the interviewer
sampling: failure to secure participants cooperation data entry: failure to record info accurately procedural: failure to follow certain processes and procedures other: falsification of documents Participants error non-responsive: interviewer can no locate participant response error: interviewer fails to give complete or correct answers |
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3 things for a successful participant survey
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must have knowledge
must have understanding of their role must be motivated to participate |
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3 approaches to communication
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self-administered survey: mail, drop-off, fax, CASI, disk-by-tape, internet
telephone interview personal interview |
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CATI
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computer-assisted telephone interviewing
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CAPI
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computer-assisted personal interviewing
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