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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Food processing phases |
Ingestion - consumption in mouth and esophagus Digestion - breaking down of food Absorbing - uptake of nutrients through GI tract Elimination- disposal of waste from body |
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Alimentary canal |
Known as gut or GI tract Composed of long tube that shuttles and processes food Contain various divisions with special functions Divisions incl. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine |
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Accessory glands |
Vital for digestion but not technically part of GI tract Provide digestive enzymes that break down food Concentrated in mouth and small intestine areas |
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Four accessory glands |
Salivary glands Pancreas Liver Gallbladder |
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Mechanical digestion |
Physical breakdown of food |
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Chemical digestion |
Uses enzymes and other chemicals to break down food |
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The mouth |
Grinds up food by physically chewing and chemically via salivary lipase and amylase |
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Esophagus |
Conduit to bring food from mouth to stomach |
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Peristalses |
Undulating contraction of muscles that push food along |
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Sphincters |
Circular muscle that clamp GI tract shut |
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The stomach |
Stomach churn up food Chemical digestion also happens in stomachs Pepsin digests protiens Hydrochloric acid also breaks down food Protien is only macromolecules broke down here |
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The liver |
Aids fat digestion by creating bile Bile emulsifies fat in water for processing and absorbtion Detoxifies obsorbed molecules from food Distibutes fats and cholesterol via lipoprotein Acts as a carbohydrate storage site |
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Gallbladder |
Stores and releases bile made by liver |
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The Pancreas |
Chemical workhorse of digestion Produces 3 digestive enzymes: protease, amylase and lipase Synthesizes high ph buffer: -Basifies chime so enzymes can work effectively -Protects lining of intestines |
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Small intestine |
Acts as centerpiece of digestion and absorbtion Gallbladder and pancreas secrete their chemicals here Digests protiens, fats and carbs Absorbs macromolecules and vitamins across intestinal wall |
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Villi and macrovilli |
Increase surface area compared to intestinal wall Look like fingerlike projections Contain transport Protien that absorb nutrients |
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The large intestine |
Absorbs water out of passing food Minerals that dissolve in the water are absorbed here Heavily colonized by bacteria that: -Synthesizes vitamin k and b12 -Digest undigested foodstuff -Protect against pathogens Solid Waste Is PROCESSED and stored short term here |
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Vitamins |
Are organic molecules Act as enzyme helpers and growth regulators Can be fat soluble - vitamin a,d,e and k Or water soluble - b complex and c |
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Minerals |
Inorganic molecules Used STRUCTURALY i.e calcium in bones Used in a regulatory role i.e sodium and potassium control water balance and nerve impulses Trace minerals Required in small amounts - <200ml a day Most minerals required in amounts over 200 ml a day |
