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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is digestion? |
The process of breaking down foods into absorbable components using mechanical and chemical mean in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. |
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What is the difference between between appetite and hunger? |
Appetite is the psychological desire for food. Hunger is the physical need for water or food. |
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What is mechanical digestion? |
Breaking food down through chewing/grinding or by moving it through the GI tract |
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What is chemical digestion? |
Breaking down food with enzymes or digestive juices |
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What is the order that food progesses through the GI tract? |
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small Intestine 5. Large Intestine 6. Rectum |
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What are the three accessory organs and which one can you live without? |
1. Pancreas 2. Liver 3. Gallbladder *can live without |
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What does the pancreas do? |
Secretes enzymes and hormones to the small intestine to help break down food |
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What does the liver do? |
Creates bile and stores nutrients. It also detoxes alcohol. |
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What does the galbladder do? |
Stores bile |
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What are the main roles of the GI tract? |
1. Break down food 2. Absorb nutrients 3. Prevent microorganisms or other harmful compounds in food from entering tissues of the body. |
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What is peristalsis? |
The forward, rhythmic motion that moves chime through the digestive system |
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What is segmentation? |
the sloshing motion that mixes chime with chemical secretions |
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What is pendular movement? |
The constrictive wave that enhances nutrient absorption in small intestine |
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What is the epiglottis what what does it do? |
The flap over your esophagus. It prevents food from entering the trachea when you eat. |
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What is the gastroesophageal sphincter and where is it located? |
The muscle between the esophagus and stomach the opens and closes to allow food in enter the stomach. It also prevents back flow of HCI |
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What is the pyloric sphincter and where is it located? |
The sphincter in the bottom of the stomach that separates the pylorus from the duodenum of the small intestine |
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What is the ileocecal sphincter and where is it located? |
The gateway between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. Prevents backflow of fecal matter into small intestine. |
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What are the three segments of the small intestine in order? |
1. Dueodenum (shortest) 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum (longest) |
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What increases absorption in the small intestine? |
Villi, microvilli, and circular folds. |
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Where does the most digestion and absorbtion occur? |
the small intestine |
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What does gastrin do and which organ produces it? |
Gastrin stimulates digestive activities (keeps food moving) and is produced by the stomach |
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What is the function of sodium bicarbonate and which organ releases it? |
It nutrilizes HCI; the pancreas |
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What are probiotics and what are their functin in the body? |
Probiotics are live microorganisms (usually bacteria) found in cultured dairy foods. They help maintain the normal functioning of the digestive system and can prevent antibiotic disorders. |
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What are the five basic categories of taste and where are they located on your tongue? |
1. Sweet (tip) 2. Salty (sides) 3. Sour (sides 4. Bitter (back of tongue) 5. Savory (Throughout mouth) |
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What is celiac disease and what does it cause to happen in the body? |
And autoimmune disease of the small intestine that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten. |
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What enzymes does the pancreas secrete to digest which types of nutrients? |
amylase - digest carbs lipase - digest fat trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase - digest protein |
