Exam 3

Front 1

deviance

Back 1

any transgression of social norms

Front 2

informal deviance

Back 2

minor transgression like nose-picking, facing backwards in an elevator, talking during movies, etc

Front 3

formal deviance

Back 3

crime or the violation of laws enacted by society

Front 4

universally deviant things

Back 4

examples from sexuality
and
murder

Front 5

deviance is socially...

Back 5

constructed

Front 6

why people follow laws and obey social norms?

Back 6

formal and informal social sanctions

Front 7

formal social sanctions

Back 7

rules and laws explicitly prohibiting deviant behavior

Front 8

informal social sanctions

Back 8

scowls, eye-rolling, teasing, scolding, etc.
internalization of socials norms in that they are policed by those around us! we all act as informal police!

Front 9

deviance is averted most of the time because

Back 9

we are all actively involved in creating compliance!

Front 10

Deviance becomes a problem when...

Back 10

informal social control breaks down and there are conflicting social norms, no one is around to monitor behavior

Front 11

theory that people know others are watching...

Back 11

the generalized other

Front 12

"collective conscience"

Back 12

"a set of common norms and assumptions which define how the world works and how people ought to act"

Front 13

mechanic solidarity

Back 13

togetherness through sameness; emphasizes groups; punitive justice (punishing the offender sometimes publicly to define the boundaries of acceptable behavior within the group); "with us or against us"; the group experiences shared emotions; solidarity based on sameness reinforced

Front 14

organic solidarity

Back 14

togetherness through difference; emphasizes individual (institution/person); society tries to reform these people as individuals through rehabilitative justice making these people "productive members of society; restitutive- making the situation right for the individuals involved

Front 15

rehabilitative justice

Back 15

reforming the individual offender and making him a productive member of society

Front 16

restitutive justice

Back 16

restoring the status quo (making the situation right for all individuals involved)

Front 17

social integration

Back 17

how well you are integrated into your social group or community

Front 18

social regulation

Back 18

how many rules guide daily life and what one can reasonably expect on a day-to-day basis

Front 19

social causes to be deviant (2)

Back 19

1. being too close to others OR not close enough
2. too many rules directing one's life OR not enough

Front 20

suicide occurrences (egoistic)

Back 20

low levels of social integration

Front 21

suicide occurrences (altruistic)

Back 21

so entrenched in a community that one is lost in a group

Front 22

suicide occurrences (anomic)

Back 22

low on social integration, people don't know what to do (movie: Brooks was Here. after being released from prison and with no restrictions he didnt know what to do so he committed suicide)

Front 23

suicide occurrences (fatalistic)

Back 23

can't handle the regulations of life so they kill themselves

Front 24

street crime is associated with

Back 24

urban areas and racial minorities

Front 25

street crime

Back 25

in public- robbery, etc

Front 26

white collar crime

Back 26

behind closed doors- embezzlement fraud

Front 27

street crime is more common, but w.c. crime costs society more money

Back 27

17.2 bil vs 300 bil

Front 28

it's difficult to interpret crime stats because

Back 28

1. deviance changes over time
2. policing infrastructure (speeding monitor)
3. reporting issues (homeless, undocumented ppl are less likely to report crime)
4. detection (w.c. happens behind closed doors)
5. murder rate - bodies

Front 29

deterrence theory

Back 29

"philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits"

Front 30

Punitive justice in the US...
Only industrialized nation in the world to still use....
and have the highest rate of...

Back 30

capital punishment
imprisonment in the world

Front 31

Immigrants commit more crime?

Back 31

Negative.

Front 32

absolute poverty

Back 32

"the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members"

Front 33

relative poverty

Back 33

"a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location"

Front 34

official poverty line (2011)

Back 34

$22,350

Front 35

what percentage of americans are living in poverty (official poverty line)?

Back 35

13% or 46.2 million people

Front 36

what percentage of americans are living in "deep poverty" which is half the poverty line?

Back 36

6.7% or 20.5 million

Front 37

what percentage of children are in poverty?

Back 37

22% or 16.4 million

Front 38

what percentage of americans will spend a year or more living in poverty?

Back 38

68%

Front 39

explanation of poverty

Back 39

1. "bad behavior"
2. structural

Front 40

"bad behavior" explanation of poverty

Back 40

individualistic in focus; bad decisions

Front 41

structural approach to the explanation of poverty

Back 41

focus on the economy, politics, and other large scale institutions and processes

Front 42

what poor people do to survive their circumstances (4)

Back 42

1. illegal work (drugs)
2. altered living arrangement (multigenerational)
3. sharing/swapping (carpool, borrowing)
4. "instant gratification" drugs, rims, happines

Front 43

genetic inferiority in terms of bad behavior

Back 43

poor people are less smart/talented
race/ethnicity get mixed up
ill-health

Front 44

personal immorality in terms of bad behavior

Back 44

lazy/ not interested in working
criminals/ drunks

Front 45

structural approach to poverty (2)

Back 45

1. deindustrialization (less work)
2. technological innovation

Front 46

nature of market economy

Back 46

there will always be "losers" and low wage jobs need to be done

Front 47

political processes in the structural approach to poverty

Back 47

welfare state types

Front 48

"traditional" or nuclear family consists of

Back 48

father, mother, children

Front 49

extended family

Back 49

kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear family

Front 50

The Na in southern China

Back 50

-marriage doesn't exist but family does
-family is extended and polygamous- no social rules restricting the selection of sex partners

Front 51

single-parent family

Back 51

one parent does most or all of the child-rearing

Front 52

blended families include

Back 52

step-familes

Front 53

cohabitation is

Back 53

living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning

Front 54

two-wage earner families

Back 54

both partners work for pay outside the home

Front 55

other family types

Back 55

adopted families and childless families

Front 56

what percentage of US families have a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and children?

Back 56

7%

Front 57

what percentage of children live in a blended family?

Back 57

15%

Front 58

the trend of single parent homes is...

Back 58

increasing
1960- 9%
1986- 25%
2002- 31%

Front 59

the trend of extended families is...

Back 59

decreasing
1940- 25%
1980- 12%
2008- 16%

Front 60

what percentage of american families include an adopted child?

Back 60

2-4%

Front 61

what percentage of American families include dual-income families?

Back 61

60%

Front 62

characteristics of farm families

Back 62

-little gender division of labor
-children were seen as little adults
-family was site of production (making and using things)

Front 63

kinship networks are a...

Back 63

string of relationships between people related by blood and co- residence which helped in times or hardship and partners for bartering

Front 64

cult of domesticity

Back 64

the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and child rearing

Front 65

what has changed in terms of family since the 50s? (3)

Back 65

-changes in the economy
-women's labor force participation rate
-cultural diversity and cultural change

Front 66

the "second shift"

Back 66

the idea that women who work outside the home have to come home and put in another shift of work doing housework

Front 67

Quote from Alexis de Tocqueville:

Back 67

-“When a workman is unceasingly and exclusively engaged in the fabrication of one thing, he ultimately does his work with singular dexterity; but, at the same time, he loses the general faculty of applying his mind to the direction of the work. He every day becomes more adroit and less industrious; so that it may be said of him, that, in proportion as the workman improves, the man is degraded. What can be expected of a man who has spent twenty years of his life in making heads for pins? and to what can that mighty human intelligence, which has so often stirred the world, be applied in him, except it be to investigate the best method of making pins heads?” (217)

Front 68

definition of authority

Back 68

the justifiable right to exercise power; very much about how those being told what to do feel about their position and submission

Front 69

characteristics of authority-

Back 69

-personal
-affective qualities (emotions, feelings)
-inspires loyalty and obedience
-impossible to pass on power

Front 70

the dark side of bureaucracy

Back 70

mcdonaldization of society; the deskilling of workers, lower pay, loss of jobs, degradation of quality of life (excerpt from tocqueville); routinization of callousness (slaughter houses)

Front 71

different types of legitimate authority (charismatic)

Back 71

charismatic
-personal
-affective qualities (emotions, feelings)
-inspires loyalty and obedience
-impossible to pass on power

Front 72

milgram's experiment

Back 72

obedience

Front 73

politics

Back 73

power relations among people or other social actors

Front 74

power

Back 74

the ability to carry out one's own will despite resistance

Front 75

the study of politics is...

Back 75

the study of who gets what and why

Front 76

different types of legitimate authority (traditional)

Back 76

traditional
-legitimate power rests on the past, on tradition (monarchy, relig. teachings, baseball *instant replay*
problems with lack of adaptability in a changing world

Front 77

different types of legitimate authority (legal-rational)

Back 77

legal-rational authority
-most common in modern society
-based on legal rules which are attached to roles, not individuals (impersonal)
-rules and roles transcend individual charisma and traditional authority

Front 78

routinization

Back 78

refers to the clear, rule-governed procedures used repeatedly for decision-making; supposed to ensure equality of treatment, and increase efficiency

Front 79

rationalization

Back 79

an ever- expanding process of ordering or organizing; decisions made in order to increase efficiency and decision-making as much as possible (mcdonalds, taco bell, other assembly lines)