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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the two integral proteins?
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Integral and Peripheral
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What is the process of random movement towards equalibrium called?
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Diffusion is the process.
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What is the diffusion of water called?
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Osmosis
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What are the 2 carbohydrates that serve as recognition sites for other cells called?
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Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
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What are three types of solutions?
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Isotonic, Hypertonic and Hypotonic
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What are 4 characteristics of the NaK pump?
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Active transport, found in all animal cells, glycoprotein and antiport.
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"H" is an energy equation that represents what?
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It represents Epthalpy.
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Can a membrane have more than one type of property?
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Yes, each sid ecan have a property.
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What type of reaction consumes free energy?
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Endergonic reactions.
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What are the three types of cells junctions?
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Tight, demosomes and gap
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What energy can donate phosphorylate (donate) phosphate groups to other molecules?
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ATP
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"G" in the enrgy equation represents what?
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Free Energy
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What is Induced Fit?
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It's when enzymes change shape and bind to the substrate
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What two ways do cells arrange themselves?
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Cell recognition and cell adhesion.
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What is passive transport?
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It's when there is no outside energy required for the transport.
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What does a carrier protein do?
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It transports glucose across the membrane.
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What is endocytosis?
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It's when a substance moves inot a cell.
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What is constant in capillary cells?
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Pinocytosis
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What is it called when complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones?
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Catabolism.
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What are important channel proteins called?
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They are called ion channels.
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When free energy is consumed, what is the result? (Change in G)
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It is positive.
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What three proteins are involved in active transport?
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Uniports, symports and antiports.
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What kind of reaction releases free energy?
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Exergonic.
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What is Simple Diffusion?
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It's when small molecules pass through the lipid bilayer.
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What are reactants called?
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Substrates.
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What are two types of active transports?
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Primary and Secondary
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What do substrate molecules bind to?
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The active site of the enzymes.
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What is the Thermodynamics 1st Law
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Energy can't be created or destroyed.
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what are inorganic ions called?
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Cofactors.
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What is the 2nd law of Thermodynamics?
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Energy is converted from one form to another.
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What does ATP stand for?
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Adenosine triphosphate.
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What is Pinocytosis?
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It's when a vesicle forms to bring small fluids into a cell.
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What do inhibitors regulate?
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Enzymes.
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What is anabolism?
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When complex molecules are modate from simple molecules.
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What are non-competitive inhibitors?
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They are inhibitors that bind to a different site.
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What is a "specific" type of endocytosis?
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Receptor mediated.
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When the change in "G" equals 0, what is this known as?
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This is known as chemical equalibrium.
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Is ATP a nucleotide?
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Yes this is a nucleotide.
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What (in words) is the equation for energy in any system?
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Enthalpy=Free Energy+Entropy
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What is the first step in a Metabolic Reaction?
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The commitment step.
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What are the 2 main types of inhibition?
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Reversible and Irreversible.
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What is an electron carrier in a redox reaction?
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NAD
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What does allostery stand for?
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Different shape.
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What is Oxidation?
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The loss of one or more electrons.
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When free energy is released, what it the result in the change of "G"?
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It is a negative number.
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What does reversible inhibition contain?
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Competitive inhibitors.
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When is pyruvate converted to acetyl CoA?
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In the process known as Pyruvate oxidation.
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What enzyme starts the citric acid cycle?
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Acetyl CoA
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Where does glycolysis and fermintation take place?
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In the cytosol.
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What are two stages of oxidative phosphorlytation?
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ETC and chemiosmosis
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What are two types of fermintation?
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Lactic Acid and alcoholic
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What does glycosis result in?
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2 pyruvate
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What is the coupling of the proton-motive force and ATP synthesis?
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Chemiosmosis
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What is the addition of a phosphate group?
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Phosphorylation.
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