Exam 2 Meninges/ventricles/venous

Front 1

what is the tissue lying outside the skull called?

What does each of its letter represent?

Back 1

SCALP
S=skin
C=connective tissue
A=aponeurosis
L=loose connective tissue
P=periosteum

Front 2

the aponeurosis of the scalp connects which 2 muscles?

Back 2

frontalis
occipitalis

Front 3

blood supply to the scalp is primarily from the ...

-the frontal area is supplied by branches of the ...

Back 3

external carotid artery

internal carotid artery

Front 4

profuse bleeding from scalp lacerations is due to:
-bleeding from both sides of wound due to ... of arteries
-surrounding ... attached to arteries prevents contraction

Back 4

abundant anastomoses
connective tissue

Front 5

what is this?
-connective tissue
-surround brain and spinal cord

Back 5

meninges

Front 6

the 3 layers of meninges are...

Back 6

dura
arachnoid
pia

Front 7

that is the outer meningeal layer?

Back 7

dura

Front 8

which meningeal layer is deep to the dura, and is thinner? (spider web appearance)

Back 8

arachnoid

Front 9

which meningeal layer is intimately attached to the brain tissue?

Back 9

pia

Front 10

what are the 2 layers of dura and what do they surround?

Back 10

periosteal - brain(skull bone)
meningeal - brain and spinal cord

Front 11

innervation of the dura:
the posterior cranial fossa is innervated by the ... nerves (C#,#)

Back 11

cervical nerves (C2,3)

Front 12

innervation of the dura:
the anterior and middle cranial fossa are innervated by the ... nerves (CN#)

Back 12

trigeminal nerves (CN 5)

Front 13

what are these?
-3 infoldings of meningeal layer in skull
-into spaces between parts of brain

Back 13

dural "partitions"

Front 14

what is the partition called that is mid-sagittal between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Back 14

falx cerebri

Front 15

what is the partition called that is small, midsagittal, and between the cerebellar hemispheres?

Back 15

falx cerebelli

Front 16

what is the partition called that is horizontal between the occipital lobes and cerebellum?

Back 16

tentorium cerebelli

Front 17

what are the 2 parts of the epidural space and are they real or potential?

Back 17

-brain: potential
-spinal cord: real (contains fat and veins; epidural anesthesia)

Front 18

which space is not a real space, but has "potential"? It's between the dura and arachnoid.

Back 18

subdural

Front 19

in the vertebral canal, the internal venous plexus is located within ...

Back 19

fat

Front 20

hematomas can occur anywhere where there are ...

Back 20

vessels

Front 21

what is this?
-a line where 4 bones meet
-bone very thin/fragil
-superior to middle meningeal artery (supplies the dura and the skull)

Back 21

pterion

Front 22

These could be symptoms of what?
-weakness of limb muscles
-dialated pupils
deterioration of cardiovascular and respiratory functions

Back 22

epidural hematoma caused by a lateral skull fracture at the pterion

Front 23

which space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is a real space?

Back 23

subarachnoid space

Front 24

CSF is produced by the ... (in ventricles) and ... "transfer" the CSF to the superior sagittal sinus (transfers it back to venous blood)

Back 24

choroid plexus
arachnoid granulations

Front 25

the ... space contains cerebral arteries and veins

Back 25

subarachnoid

Front 26

Is there a space below the pia?

Back 26

NO

Front 27

what is this?
-located within the brain
-fluid filled spaces that are filled with CSF

Back 27

ventricles

Front 28

what produces CSF (inside the brain) and is located in all ventricles?

Back 28

choroid plexus

Front 29

Ventricles communicate with the subarachnoid space (outside of the brain) through foramina in roof of medulla: ...(lateral) and ...(midline)

Back 29

Luschka
Magendie

Front 30

there are 2 ... ventricles, right and left

Back 30

lateral

Front 31

What is the ventricle pathway (in order of flow)?

Back 31

-Lateral ventricles (2)
-Interventricular foramina (right and left) - (Foramina of Monro)
-3rd ventricle (midline; thalamus)
-cerebral aqueduct (midbrain)
-4th ventricle (pons and medulla)

Front 32

tumors in the ... region often block ventricular flows

Back 32

pineal

Front 33

what is this?
-an increase in the amount of CSF which results from one of 3 things:
-increased production (rare)
-blockage in system
-impaired absorption (doesn't get back to blood as quickly as it should)

Back 33

hydrocephalus

Front 34

which classification of hydrocephalus is this?
-obstruction within the ventricular system

Back 34

obstructive

Front 35

which classification of hydrocephalus is this?
-obstruction in the subarachnoid space (outside the brain) or venous sinuses

Back 35

communicating

Front 36

what occurs between the 2 layers of periosteum?

Back 36

venous sinuses

Front 37

2 major sinuses in the head are... (starting with the most superior one)

Back 37

-superior longitudinal venous sinus
-transverse sinus

Front 38

-The medial angle of the eye, the nose and the lips (known as the ... of the face) usually drains through the facial vein.
-But venous blood may go, via the opthalmic vein, to the cavernous sinus. As a result, an infection of the face may spread to the cavernous sinus. This can lead to ... of the nerves running through the cavernous sinus.

Back 38

danger triangle
damage

Front 39

what are the 2 arteries that supply all the parts of the brain?

Back 39

vertebral aa.
internal carotid aa.

Front 40

the vertebral artery comes into the skull through the ...

Back 40

foramen magnum

Front 41

In the Circle of Willis, the blood can flow in ... direction.

Back 41

any

Front 42

the origin of the vertebral arteries is the ...

Back 42

subclavian artery

Front 43

what is this describing?
-transverse foramina of C1-C6 (not C7)
-foramen magnum with spinal cord
-join to form basilar a. at pons
-basilar a. ends --> 2 posterior cerebral aa.

Back 43

vertebral arteries

Front 44

what is this describing?
-enters skull by way of carotid canal
-Foramen lacerum (not "through) it)
-Branches: anterior cerebral, posterior communicating
-continues laterally as middle cerebral a.

Back 44

internal carotid arteries

Front 45

the origin of the internal carotid arteries is the ...

Back 45

common carotid artery

Front 46

what is this?
-ballooning out and weak points in walls of arteries
-most common in anterior part of circle of willis
-may cause subarachnoid hematoma
-symptoms: acute explosive headache, stiff neck, initially will have a dialated or "blown" pupil (if ocular motor nerve is compressed)

Back 46

berry aneurysms

Front 47

where do spinal arteries branch off of?

Back 47

vertebral arteries