Exam 2 - Chapter 6 Envir Health

Front 1

agent

Back 1

causative factor invading a susceptible host through an environment favorable to produce disease, such as a biological or chemical agent.

Front 2

compliance

Back 2

processes for ensuring that permitting requirements are met.

Front 3

CCR

Back 3

Consumer confidence report: a report the began in 1996 when congress amended the Safe Drinking Water Act to add a provision that required all community water systems to deliver a brief annual water quality report to their customers. The CCR includes info on the water source, the levels of any detectable contaminants, and compliance with drinking water rules, plus some edu material. The rationale for these reports is that consumers have a right to know what is in their drinking water. The report helps consumers make informed choices that affect their health.

Front 4

enforcement

Back 4

occurs when formal actions are taken to control environmental damage. Ex include fines or penalties, suspension of specific operations, or closure of the facility.

Front 5

environment

Back 5

all of those factors internal and external to the client that constitute the context in which the client lives and that influence and are influenced b the host and agent-host interactions; the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism.

Front 6

environmental epidemiology

Back 6

the study of the effect on human health of physical, chemical, and biological factors in the external environment.

Front 7

environmental justice

Back 7

equal protection from environmental hazards for individuals, groups, or communities regardless of race, ethnicity, or economic status. This applies to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies and implies that no population of people should be forced to shoulder a disproportionate share of negative environmental effects of pollution or environmental hazard bc of lack of political or economic strength levels.

Front 8

environmental standards

Back 8

norms that impose limits on the amount of pollutants or emissions produced. The Environmental Protection Agency established minimum standards, but states are allowed to be stricter.

Front 9

epidemiologic triangle

Back 9

infections agent, host, and environment.

Front 10

epidemiology

Back 10

the science that explains the strength of association btwn exposures and health effects in human population.

Front 11

host

Back 11

a living human or animal organism in which an infectious agent can exist under natural conditions.

Front 12

indoor air quality

Back 12

a measure of the breathable air inside a habitable structure or conveyance. A measure of the chemical, physical, or biological contaminants in indoor air.

Front 13

methyl mercury

Back 13

an organic form of mercury. Methyl mercury may be formed when inorganic mercury enters lakes and combines with bacteria. It can then build up in the tissues of fish. Larger and older fish tend to have the highest levels of methyl mercury. Methyl mercury is highly toxic to humans and causes a number of adverse effects. It is a potent neurotoxicant.

Front 14

monitoring

Back 14

periodic or continuous surveillance or testing to determine the level of compliance with statutory requirements and/or pollutant levels in various media or in humans, plants, and animals.

Front 15

nonpoint source

Back 15

diffuse pollution source (i.e. without a single point of origin or not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outlet). The pollutants may be carried off the land by storm water. Examples are traffic, fertilizer or pesticide run-off, and animal wastes.

Front 16

permitting

Back 16

the first step in the process of controlling pollution. A process by which the govt places limits on the amount of pollution emitted into the air or water.

Front 17

POPs

Back 17

persistent organic pollutants - are toxic substances composed of organic (carbon-based) chemical compounds and mixtures. They include industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). They are primarily products and biproducts from industrial processes, chemical manufacturing, and resulting wastes. These pollutants are persistent in the environment and have the ability to travel through the air and water to regions far from their original source. POPs are highly toxic; at very low concentrations they can injure wildlife and human health.

Front 18

point-source

Back 18

stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution. (i.e. a pipe, ditch, ship, ore pit, factory smokestack)

Front 19

right to know

Back 19

the right of citizens to have direct access to information about issues of environmental concerns such as information on the quality of drinking water, the use of food additives, and chemical use in the workplace and community.

Front 20

risk assessment

Back 20

qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants.

Front 21

risk communication

Back 21

the exchange of information about the health or environmental risks among, for example, risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, and interest groups.

Front 22

toxicology

Back 22

the basic science that studies the health effects associated with chemical exposures.

Front 23

Neurotoxins

Back 23

toxins that destroy nerves or nervous tissues

Front 24

Nurses & environmental health

Back 24

Nurses should have a basic understanding of envir health principles and these principles should be integrated into all aspects of practice, education, advocacy, policies, and research.

Front 25

To prevent lead poisoning, instruct families not to use lead based paint. If such paint has ben used, instruct them in removing it and repainting with a non-lead based paint.

What level of prevention?

Back 25

Primary Prevention

Front 26

Identify any household members whose blood lead levels is rising.

Which level of prevention?

Back 26

Secondary Prevention

Front 27

Initiate treatment for lead poisoning that will reduce blood lead levels.

Which level of prevention?

Back 27

Tertiary Prevention

Front 28

MCL

Back 28

Maximum contaminant level - environmental standard