Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the function of the anterior association area? |
Located in the frontal area and controls personality and complex learning |
|
|
What is the location and function of the posterior association area? |
Located in the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and control as pattern and facial recognition. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the limbic association area? |
Located deep in the limbic system and controls emotional responses. |
|
|
What percent of your brain are you using? |
100% |
|
|
What are the differences between gray and white matter? |
White matter has myelin sheath and sends messages quickly. Gray matter is unmylelinated and processes information. |
|
|
What is brain lateralization? Which hemisphere is more dominant in most individuals? |
The cerebrum has two hemispheres. These are separated by the longitudal fissure and connected by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere has its own unique functions and this is called lateralization. Most people are left hemisphere dominant. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the parietal lobe? |
Posterior to the central sulcus; senses touch, pain, and temperature. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the temporal lobe? |
Inferior to the lateral sulcus; responsible for hearing and memory. |
|
|
What is the function and location of the frontal lobe? |
Anterior to the central sulcus; controls voluntary skeletal muscles. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the occipital lobe? |
Posterior to the parietal lobe; controls vision. |
|
|
What are the specific area of the frontal lobe? |
Brocas area, controls language; gustatory cortex, controls intellectual processing; and primary motor cortex which controls muscles. |
|
|
What are the specific areas of the parietal lobe? |
Primary somatosensory cortex, senses. |
|
|
What are the areas of the temporal lobe? |
Olfactory cortex and primary auditory cortex |
|
|
What are the specific areas of the occipital lobe? |
Vision cortex |
|
|
What is the difference between association tracts and projection tracts? |
Association tracts connect parts of the same hemispheres. Projection tracts connect the cerebral cortex to the lower parts of the brain. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the thalamus? |
The location is in the parietal lobe. The function is to help interpret temperature, pain, and pressure. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the hypothalamus? |
The location is inferior to the thalamus and the function is to maintain homeostasis. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the limbic system? |
The location is deep in the medial aspects of the cerebral cortex. The function is for emotions and feelings, linked with smell, and insert emotions into logical situations. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the brainstem? |
Inferior to the cerebrum. The function is to relay information for vision and hearing. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the pons? |
Inferior to the mid brain. Transfer information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum and responsible for rhythmic breathing. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the medulla oblongata? |
Inferior to the pons. Controls vital reflexes such as the cardiovascular center, vasomotor center, ventilation, and non vital reflexes. |
|
|
What is the location and function of the cerebellum? |
Inferior to the occipital lobe. The functions are balance/equilibrium and cognitive role such as predicting forces needed to the move the body, puzzle solving, and word association. |
|
|
How are the protective layers around the brain and spinal cord arranged? |
From the outside the first layer is the skull/vertebrae, cerebral spinal fluid then the meninges. |
|
|
What are the anatomical and physiological barriers separating the CSF from the blood? |
The blood brain barrier separates the blood from the CSF. There are also ependymal cells which have tight junctions that force material to move through the cell to reach the CSF. |
|
|
What are the anatomical and physiological barriers separating the CSF from the blood? |
The blood brain barrier separates the blood from the CSF. There are also ependymal cells which have tight junctions that force material to move through the cell to reach the CSF. |
|
|
What is the general circulation of the CSF in the brain? |
Fluid from the blood enters the internal ventricles then goes to the cerebral aqueduct, then to the subarachnoid space, and finally to the veins. |
|
|
How do mechanoreceptors change membrane potentials? |
The pressure forces open protein channels. |
|
|
What is the production and movement of tears ending in the nasal cavity? |
The lacrimal gland produces tears, the tears flow across the eye where they drain into the nasal cavity. |
|
|
Which cranial nerves control the eye muscles? |
The oculomotor nerve controls superior rectus muscle, medial rectus muscle, inferior rectus muscle, inferior oblique muscle. The trochlear nerve controls the superior oblique muscle. The abducens controls the lateral rectus muscle. |
|
|
What are the similarities and differences between rods and cones? |
Both processes light. Rods process dim light and are more numerous than cones. Cones process bright light and color, and create a sharp image. |
|
|
What is the process of phototransduction in light? |
Light activates rhodopsin, that activates transduction, and finally transduction activates phosphodiesterase. |
|
|
What is the process of phototransduction in the dark? |
The presence of cGMP causes ion channels to open, the rods depolarize, calcium channels open releasing a neurotransmitter, the inhibitory transmitter causes IPSP and hyperpolarizes the bipolar cell, no calcium voltage gated channels open so no stimulation of the ganglion occurs. |
