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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two functions of the ovary?
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1. Houses all immature ova that a woman will ever possess
2. Houses two sequentially present hormone producing sites |
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Where does implantation of the fertilized ovum usually take place?
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The upper 2/3 of the uterus, the fundus
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Is the preovulatory phase variable or fixed?
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Variable, day 1 to ovulation
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What is the name of the phenomenon in which organs of the peritoneal cavity are irritated by blood released at ovulation which may result in intense pain?
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Mittelschmerz
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What is the hormone producting site prior to ovulation?
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The Graafian or ovarian follice
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What 3 hormones does the ovarian follicle produce prior to ovulation?
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1. Estrongen
2. Androgens 3. Inhibin |
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When does ovulation occur?
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14 +/- 2 days BEFORE the first day of menses
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What are the 3 names for the second half of the menstrual cycle?
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1. Secretory Phase
2. Postovulatory Phase 3. Luteal Phase |
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Is the length of the postovulatory phase variable or fixed? How long is it?
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Fixed, 14 +/- 2 days
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Name the four things that are released at ovulation
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1. Follicular fluid,
2. corona radiate, 3. sticky cumulus and 4. the ovum |
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After ovulation, what develops from the remains of the Graafian follicle? This is the hormone producing site of the postovulatory phase
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1.The corpus luteum
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What hormones does the corpus luteum produce?
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1. Progesterone,
2. estrogen, 3. androgens and 4. inhibin |
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What color is the corpus luteum?
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Yellow
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What occurs in the proliferative phase in terms of the uterus?
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Cells of the endometrium increase in size and number after menses to ovulation
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What occurs during menses in terms of the uterus?
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Endometrium sloughs off and is eliminated in menstruation
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What occurs in the secretory phase in terms of the uterus?
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Endometrial cells fill with fats and glycogens
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How many chromosomes do humans have? How many of those are sex chromosomes?
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46 chromosomes, 2 are sex chromosomes
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When does a female have the most ova in her ovary?
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Before she is born, 20 weeks after conceptions (about 7 million)
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Around the time of ovulation, the cells lining the cervix produce what kind of mucus?
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Clear, slippery like raw egg whites and relatively easy for sperm to penetrate
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What is the major hormone produced by the ovarian follicle and by the corpus luteum, respectively?
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1. Ovarian follicle= estrogen,
2. Corpus luteum = progesterone |
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What are the hair-like cells on the fimbria that help transport the ovum into the lumen of the fallopian tube?
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Cilia
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Is the penis or the clitoris more sensitive to touch? Why?
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1. The clitoris due to the same amount of nerve endings as the penis being densely packed into a smaller area
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Which has the narrower lumen, the ampulla or the isthmus of the oviduct?
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The isthmus
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Where does fertilization usually occur?
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The ampulla-isthmus junction of the oviduct
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How long does the ovum stay at the ampulla-isthums junction?
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2-2.5 days
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How long is the ovum most capable of being fertilized?
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24 hours after ovulation
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How long can sperm survive after ejaculation?
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2-3 days
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When are vaginal fluids the most acidic?
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After menarche and before menopause
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What are corpora cavernosa?
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Specialized erectile tissue located in teh clitoris which engorge with glood during sexual stimulation
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What is the perineum?
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The very sensitive area of tissue between teh vaginal opening and the anus
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What does menstrual fluid consist of?
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1. Approx. 2-4 T blood
2. Cell fragments from teh cells of the endo. 3. Glandular secretions from the endometrial cells and 4. the unfertilized ovum |
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Are the labia majora or the labia minora covered in sweat and sebaceous glands?
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Both the labia minor and the inside of the labia major.
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Whare are the structures within the breast in which milk is stored momentarily before letdown?
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The sinuses
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How long does it take for the ovum to move from the wall of the ovary to the ampulla-isthmus junction of the oviduct?
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Just minutes
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Are men or women more likley to get bladder infections? Why?
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Women because their urethra is shorter
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Where are primoridal germ cells produced and where must they migrate to before ovaries or testes can develop?
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PGCs are produced in the yolk sac and they must migrate to the undifferentiated gonad
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Does mentural bleeding occur in the follicular or the luteal phase?
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the follicular
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Do the labia majora increase in size during sexual excitement?
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Yes, up to 3 times their original size.
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What is the mucus like that the cervix produces when estrogen levels are lower?
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Thick and pasty like partially dry Elmer's glue
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What structures of the vagina serve as pooling places for sperm and semen and also serce as shock absorbers during sexual intercourse?
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The fornices
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What structure forms when the labia minora meat at the front of the vulva?
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The prepuce of the clitoris
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During childbirth, what procedure cuts the perineum?
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An episiotomy
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What is an ectopic pregnancy?
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A prgnancy in which the embryo develops anywhere except the upper portion of the uterus
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What occurs if the sticky cumulus is not produced?
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the cilia of the fimbria will have a hard time getting the ovum into the lumen of the oviducts
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How do the ligaments holding the ovaries in place respond to changing levels of estrogen?
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The higher the estrogen level, the more they contract and relax to jibble the ovaries
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What does the corona radiata do?
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Provides nutrients to the ovum from ovulation until the ovum is inside the oviduct
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What is endometriosis?
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An illness that occurs when endometrial tissue grows somewhere outside of the uterus
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Is the vagina sensitive to pain?
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Relatively no, that is why surgery on the vagina usually does not requre anesthesia
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What is the Grafenburg spot?
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Aka the G-Spot. This is a small highly sensitive region of the vaginal wall in some women. It has a spongy striated texture. Stimulation can result in ejaculation of fluids through the urethral opening
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Where does vaginal lubrication during sexual excitement come from?
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Comes from interstitial fluid forced from between cells of the vaginal lining when blood vessels in the region enlarge by engoring with blood during sexual excitement.
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What is the mons pubis?
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A mound of fat and connective tissue on the pubic bone, covered with hair after puberty. Marks the front of the vulva
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What are the Bulbs of the Vestibule?
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Specialized erectile tissue located in the labia majora that engorge with blood during sexual excitement
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Can the thickness and vascularization of the hymen vary from woman to woman?
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yes
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What is totally sealed hymen without an opening called?
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An imperforate hymen
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What do the Glands of Bartholin do?
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They are thought to play some role in vaginal lubrication
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What are differences in breast size between women usually due to?
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Amount of adipose tissue or connective fat
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What are the Montgomery glands and what do they do?
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The Montgomery glands are glands on the areola of the breast that secrete antibacterial substances during breast feeding that both lubricate the nipple and reduce the risk of breast infections
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What happens to the color of the areola during and after pregnancy?
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The areola darkens with pregnancy and stays dark afterwards
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