Anatomy Semester 1 Exam

Front 1

Groups of cells that have a common function are called

Back 1

tissues

Front 2

the system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the ___ system.

Back 2

skeletal

Front 3

The breakdown of ingested foods into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream is termed ____.

Back 3

digestion

Front 4

A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity is called a ____ mechanism.

Back 4

negative feedback

Front 5

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ____.

Back 5

homeostasis

Front 6

the arms are ___ to the chest

Back 6

lateral

Front 7

The armpit area is called the ___ region.

Back 7

axillary

Front 8

A cut that is made along the horizontal plane is called a ___ section.

Back 8

transverse

Front 9

The study of the structure and shape of th body and body parts is called ___.

Back 9

anatomy

Front 10

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity/

Back 10

transverse

Front 11

Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection?

Back 11

abdominal

Front 12

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology

Back 12

Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationship between each other. Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.

Front 13

List 5 of the necessary human life fuctions

Back 13

1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Metabolism
4. Digestion
5. Reproduction

Front 14

List the five survival needs of humans

Back 14

1. Nutrients
2. Water
3. Oxygen
4. Body temperature
5. Atmospheric pressure

Front 15

What is an example of a physiological study?

Back 15

Drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels

Front 16

What is the order, from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body

Back 16

1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system level
6. Organismal level

Front 17

The smallest living unit of all living things is

Back 17

A cell

Front 18

The muscular system consists of the

Back 18

skeletal musucles

Front 19

The ovary is part of which of the following two systems

Back 19

Reproductive and endocrine system

Front 20

Elimination of metabolic wastes from the body is the function of the

Back 20

urinary system

Front 21

Which of the following systems is matched most most accurately to the life function it provides?

Back 21

nervous system - responsiveness

Front 22

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system

Back 22

1. Stimulus
2. Receptor
3. Afferent pathway
4. Control center
5. Efferent pathway
6. Effector
7. Response

Front 23

Negative feedback systems

Back 23

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced

Front 24

In anatomical position:

Back 24

the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward

Front 25

What orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)

Back 25

anterior and ventral

Front 26

Which orientation terms have opposite meanings?

Back 26

superficial and deep

Front 27

What is an anterior body landmark?

Back 27

antecubital region

Front 28

What is a dorsal body landmark?

Back 28

scapular region

Front 29

In describing the relationship between the patellar and femoral regions

Back 29

the patellar region is distal to the femoral region

Front 30

In describing the relationship of the thoracic and spinal cavities

Back 30

the thoracic cavity is ventral to the spinal cavity

Front 31

In describing the relationship of the lungs to the heart

Back 31

the lungs are lateral to the heart

Front 32

the occipital region is the

Back 32

posterior surface of the head

Front 33

the region that contains the naval is the

Back 33

umbilical region

Front 34

What is true regarding the vertebral, occipital, and buccal regions?

Back 34

only the vertebral and occipital regions are located dorsally

Front 35

a section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into right and left parts is called

Back 35

sagittal

Front 36

Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells flattened like fish scales is called a ____ epithelium.

Back 36

simple squamous

Front 37

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ___ tissue.

Back 37

connective

Front 38

The type of muscle tissue that can be controlled voluntarily is called ___ muscle.

Back 38

skeletal

Front 39

Goblet cells are found in

Back 39

simple columnar epithelium

Front 40

What is not a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Back 40

it has a good blood supply within it and is very vascular

Front 41

what type of cells are found in the air sacs o the lungs

Back 41

simple squamous

Front 42

what is not a connective tissue

Back 42

skeletal muscle

Front 43

the epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable stretching, such as the urinary bladder, is

Back 43

transitional

Front 44

what is an increase in size?

Back 44

hyperplasia

Front 45

the tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called

Back 45

connective tissue

Front 46

what is the movement of food through the intestines

Back 46

peristalsis

Front 47

blood is a type of ___ tissue

Back 47

connective tissue

Front 48

what is the replacement of destroyed tissue?

Back 48

regeneration

Front 49

the epithelial tissue found in areas subject to considerable friction and abuse, such as the esophagus, is __

Back 49

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 50

tendons are what kind of tissue?

Back 50

dense connective tissue

Front 51

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as

Back 51

endocrine

Front 52

intercalated disks are found in

Back 52

cardiac muscle tissue only

Front 53

the type of muscle found int he walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is

Back 53

smooth muscle

Front 54

T or F? Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelial cells

Back 54

false

Front 55

T or F? Under the microscope cardiac muscle cells appear as long, cylindrical cells that are multinucleated and possess obvious striations

Back 55

false

Front 56

T or F? The matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix

Back 56

true

Front 57

T or F? Smooth muscle cells are uninucleated spindle-shaped cells that lack striations

Back 57

true

Front 58

T or F? Bone can also be called osseous tissue

Back 58

true

Front 59

Membrane - lines all body cavities open to the exterior

Back 59

mucous membrane

Front 60

membrane - skin

Back 60

cutaneous membrane

Front 61

membrane - lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints

Back 61

synovial membrane

Front 62

membrane - lines body cavities closed to exterior

Back 62

serous membrane

Front 63

membrane - moist and open to secretions such as mucus

Back 63

mucous membrane

Front 64

membrane - occurs in pairs

Back 64

serous membrane

Front 65

membrane - includes pericardium, peritoneum, and pleura

Back 65

serous membrane

Front 66

membrane - made up of connective tissue

Back 66

synovial membrane

Front 67

What are four major functions of the skin?

Back 67

1. Regulates heat loss
2. Insulates and cushions deeper organs
3. Protects body from mechanical damage, chemicals, thermal damage, ultraviolet radiation, and bacteria
4. Synthesizes Vitamin D with sunlight

Front 68

Outer layer of epidermis

Back 68

stratum corneum

Front 69

produces millions of cells daily in the epidermis

Back 69

stratum basale

Front 70

pigment produced by skin to block UV radiation

Back 70

melanin

Front 71

lower skin layer which is tough, but flexible

Back 71

dermis

Front 72

protein which gives the skin its toughness

Back 72

collagen

Front 73

causes rosy glow in light-skinned people

Back 73

hemoglobin

Front 74

oil glands

Back 74

sebaceous glands

Front 75

sweat glands

Back 75

sudoriferous glands

Front 76

found in axillary and genital regions, produces protein-rich, fatty sweat

Back 76

apocrine gland

Front 77

produces hair

Back 77

hair follicle

Front 78

part of hair enclosed by follicle

Back 78

root

Front 79

mucles on side of follicle

Back 79

arrector pili

Front 80

scalelike modification of epidermis

Back 80

nail

Front 81

t/f Melanin and carotene will both help determine skin color

Back 81

true

Front 82

t/f Athlete's foot occurs when there is a homeostatic imbalance of the skin

Back 82

true

Front 83

t/f Burns are never caused by chemicals

Back 83

false

Front 84

t/f The main problems with burns are fluid loss and infection

Back 84

true

Front 85

t/f Second degree burns produce blisters

Back 85

true

Front 86

t/f Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and most dangerous form of skin cancer

Back 86

false

Front 87

t/f Squamous cell carcinoma occurs frequently on the scalp, the ears, the lower lip, and the back of the hand

Back 87

true

Front 88

t/f You should see your doctor if you have a mole that is perfectly round and is of one color because it may be cancerous

Back 88

false

Front 89

Describe what happens to the skin and some of its structure as humans age.

Back 89

In young people, the skin is well-hydrated and resiliant. As we age, our skin becomes thin and loses elasticity. The thinning makes it easier to bruise and wrinkles appear because it is not as elastic. The hair starts to thin,, causing baldness. Hair also becomes gray.

Front 90

Describe the rule of nines and give its important.

Back 90

The rule of nines is important because it estimates the amount of fluid lost from the person due to burns. The body is divided into 11 parts, each making up 9% plus 1% for the pubic area. They then use this to estimate fluid loss.

Front 91

Skull subdivision

Back 91

axial skeleton

Front 92

tibia subdivision

Back 92

appendicular skeleton

Front 93

femur subdivision

Back 93

appendicular skeleton

Front 94

humerus subdivision

Back 94

appendicular skeleton

Front 95

parietal bone subdivision

Back 95

axial skeleton

Front 96

ulna subdivision

Back 96

appendicular skeleton

Front 97

vertebrae subdivision

Back 97

axial skeleton

Front 98

ribs subdivision

Back 98

axial skeleton

Front 99

carpals subdivision

Back 99

appendicular skeleton

Front 100

3 functions of the skeletal system

Back 100

Protection, Support, and movement

Front 101

Four main types of bones

Back 101

long, short, flat, and irregular

Front 102

List two causes of joint or bone problems in life

Back 102

bursitis and arthritis

Front 103

Bone breaks into many pieces

Back 103

comminuted

Front 104

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

Back 104

impacted

Front 105

bone breaks incompletely like a twig

Back 105

greenstick

Front 106

bone breaks cleanly, but not through the skin

Back 106

simple

Front 107

bone is crushed

Back 107

compression

Front 108

broken bone ends protrude through the skin

Back 108

compound

Front 109

Describe how the skull of a newborn infant differs from that of an adult

Back 109

The skull of an infant is 1/4 the total bod length. The skull of an adult is only 1/8 the total body length.

Front 110

Gibe a function of fontanels.

Back 110

They allow an infants brain to grow

Front 111

What is the important of intervertebral disks and the normal curvature of the spine?

Back 111

The discs cushion the vertebrae. They absorb shock and allow the vertebral colum to have flexibility. The dics and the S-shape vertebral column absorb shock to the head when a person is running or walking and they allow the trunk to be flexible. Primary curvature are present at birth and secondary curvatures develop.

Front 112

Why is the female pelvis larger and wider than the male pelvis?

Back 112

There is a larger opening for the birth of a child

Front 113

Slighty movable joint

Back 113

amphiarthroses

Front 114

Freely movable joint

Back 114

Diarthroses

Front 115

Allow no movement in the joint

Back 115

Synarthroses