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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of diversity in humans |
Anthropology |
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Anthropology's relationship to science and humanities |
It's the study of humans in action and interaction but anthropology asks questions that no other science or humanities asks |
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What are the 4 fields of anthropology |
1. Physical Anthropology 2. Archealogy 3. Linguistics 4. Cultural Anthropology |
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Diversity of human bodies in the past and present |
Physical Anthropology |
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Examples of Physical Anthropology |
Paleoanthropology Paleontology Molecular studies |
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Study of the origins of human and non-human primates |
Paleoanthropolgy |
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Study of fossils |
Paleontology |
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Study of DNA through fossils |
Molecular Study |
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Example of this- Why humans that live near the equator have different skin color |
Human Variation |
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Study of non-human primates (apes) |
Primatology |
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ID human skeletal remains for legal purposes |
Forensic Anthropology |
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Study of human languages including their structure, history, and socio-cultural context |
Linguistics (mostly study non-literate languages) |
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Study of human cultures through the recovery and analysis of material remains and environmental data |
Archealogy (focus on study of cultures that have not yet been recorded) |
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Excavation of slave quarters, the Hermitage, Nashville |
Historical Archeology |
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Study of culture from a cross-cultural and historical perspective |
Cultural Anthropolgy |
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Another word for Cultural Anthropology |
Ethnology |
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Descriptive study of a particular culture based on fieldwork |
Ethnography |
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Distinctive feature of ethnographic fieldwork in cultural anthropology |
Participant Observation (Researcher lives in the community being studied) |
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Study of human in urban settings, effects of urbanization |
Urban Anthropology |
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Study of knowledge systems and practices concerning health and medical treatment |
Medical Anthropology |
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Use of knowledge to solve crimes |
Forensic Anthropology |
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Study of human production, presentation, and use of material (body painting) |
Visual Anthropology |
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Study of musical forms |
Ethnomusicology |
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Study of knowledge and use of plants |
Ethnobotany |
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Study of how modern forces change societies |
Development Anthropology |
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Study of women's issues and roles across culture |
Feminist Anthropology |
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That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society |
Culture |
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Two integrating concepts in anthropology |
Culture and Evolution |
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The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community |
Society |
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Process of conscious and unconscious conditioning by which an individual learns his/her culture |
Enculturation |
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Examples of Enculturation |
Ritual occasions fictive agents Arunta puberty ritual |
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Fictive Agents Examples |
Boogie man Santa Claus Melungeons |
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Explain what happened during the Arunta puberty ritual and where it was located |
Northern Australia... |
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Ritual event that marks a person's transition from one status to another |
Rite of Passage |
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Question of why in almost all cultures masculinity is viewed not as a natural state but as a problematic status to be won through overcoming obstacle |
Manhood Puzzle |
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Part of the "anthropological perspective" that involves consideration of every part of a culture in relation to every other part and to the whole |
Holism |
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The reaction to the fact of cultural diversity in which one attempts to understand and judge the behavior of another culture in terms of it's standards of good, normal, moral, legal rather than one's own |
Cultural Relativism |
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The attitude or belief that one's own culture is the best or only one, and that one can understand or judge another culture in terms of one's own |
Ethnocentrism |
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That other societies are better than your own |
Inverted Ethnocentrism |
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Investigates how local people think (insider) |
emic |
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Thoughts from the anthropologist themselves (outsider) |
Etic |
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A folk illness with strong psychological overtones defined as a "fright sickness" and a loss of soul from the body |
Susto |
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In contrast to a sign, a symbol has an arbitrary relationship between it and what it represents |
Sign/Signal |
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The retention of infantile characteristics, prolong period of helplessness of some offspring |
Neoteny |
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Adaption of a product or service specifically to each locality or culture in which it is sold |
Glocalization |
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Apes, etc., tool using, cooperative hunting, symbol-based communication |
Primate culture |
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Passing of behaviors from one generation to another among non-human primates |
Protoculture |
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Understand more than 1000 signs based on sign language and 2000 words in english |
Koko (gorilla) |
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First to learn sign language |
Washoe (chimp) |
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Advanced linguistic aptitude |
Kanzi (bonobo) |
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Eskimo= |
inuit
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Apache= |
Dine |
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Navajo= |
Dine |
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Cheyenne= |
Tsi Tsi Ta |
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Cherokee= |
Yunwiya |
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Kapauku= |
Me |
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OJibwa- |
Anishinabe |
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Australopithecus |
3 or 4 million years ago Lucy people (upright, bipedal walking) |
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Homo hibilis |
2.5 million years ago Larger brain, better tools (oldowan) |
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Homo erectus |
1.8 million years ago more advance brain size, Achulian |
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Archaic Homo Sapiens |
600,000 years ago large bodies and brains, sophisticated behavior |
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Modern Homo Sapiens |
200,000 years ago started making arts such as jewelry |
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First evidence of stone, tool, made by hammering one stone with another |
Oldowan homo habilis |
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Entire surface was chipped to yield a symmetrical "bifacial" |
Acheulian homo erectus |
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Political philosopher, argued for a strong central government |
Hobbes |
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Who wrote "The social contrast" no such thing as a natural man |
Rousseau |
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Who said Data of science was lacking, theories |
Malenowski |
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Father of modern cultural anthropology no ranking in cultures |
Franz Boas |
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Early ethnological or anthropological position or theory, that cults, or specific cultural practices, objects, or institutions had appeared once or at most a few times and spread out from their original center |
Diffusionism |
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Early ethnological position or theory that culture started at some point in the past and evolved from its "primitive beginning" through a series of stages to achieve its "higher" or more modern form |
Evolutionism |
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mid-tweetieth revival of focus on the historical development of cultures and societies, as in the work of Leslie White and Julian Steward, which generally sought to repair the farlings of nineteenth century evolutionism by proposing specific processes and a "multi-linear" path of change |
Neo-evolutionism |
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Theory that the significance of an item is not so much in the particular item but in its relationship to others |
Structuralism |
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Theory that investigates the native classification systems of societies to discover the concepts, terms, and categories by which they understand their world |
Ethnoscience |
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Get access to the deeper meanings of other societies through symbols |
Symbolic Anthropology/Interpretive Anthropology |
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Theory that practical/material/economic factors can explain some or all cultural phenomena |
Cultural Materialism |
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Perspective that anthropologies as developed and practiced in the West is not the only for of anthropology, and that other societies may develop and practice other types of anthropology based on their specific experiences and interests |
World Anthropologies |
