Ethics Unit 1&2

Front 1

The branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness orwrongness of human conduct.

Back 1

Ethics

Front 2

Speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior.

Back 2

Morality

Front 3

Stands to queries about what there is reason todo. Dealing with human actions and reasons for action, it is also concerned with character.

Back 3

Ethics

Front 4

Without rules there would be disorder and chaos.

Back 4

Rules are important for social beings.

Front 5

In order to organize chaos, you have to put order into it. It is meant to give man a common observance of practices and actions.

Back 5

Rules are meant to set order.

Front 6

Its primary purpose is to help you grow in freedom. If you follow the rules, you are able to act and do what is expected of you. We all reach a point in our lives wherein we follow rules not because we have to but because we have to act that way.

Back 6

Rules are not meant to restrict freedom.

Front 7

Rules build boundaries that place limits on behavior. One of the reasons people follow accepted rules is to avoid negative consequences.

Back 7

Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.

Front 8

Rules form frameworks for society. Nations are generally nations of laws and the governing principles are outlined in what is called constitution. Rules on divisions of power and checks and balances further protect individual liberty.

Back 8

Rules help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom.

Front 9

Rules are needed in order to keep the strong from dominating the weak, to prevent exploitation and domination. Rules generate a stable system that provides justice, in which the richest and most powerful have limitations on what they can do.

Back 9

Rules produce a sense of justice among social being.

Front 10

Without rules regulating business, power would centralize around monopolies and threaten thestrength and competitiveness of the system. Rules are needed to ensure product safety, employee safety and product quality.

Back 10

Rules are essential for a healthy economic system.

Front 11

The science of the morality of human acts.

Back 11

Ethics

Front 12

Which are good and permissible actions. Those actions which is in conformity with the norm of morality.

Back 12

Moral Actions

Front 13

Which are bad or evil and are not permissible actions. Those actions which are not in conformity with the norm of morality. An immoral person is one who does not act or behave in conformity.

Back 13

Immoral Actions

Front 14

Which are indifferent. Those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They are either good nor bad in themselves. An amoral person is one who does not have the ability to distinguish between what is morally good act and what is morally evil one and he cannot identify and accept moral norms.

Back 14

Amoral Actions

Front 15

Those concerned with or relating to human behavior, especially the distinction between good and bad behavior

Back 15

Moral Standards

Front 16

It involve the rules as well as the values they place on the kinds of objects they believe are morally good and morally bad. Some ethicists equate moral standards with moral values and moral principles.

Back 16

Moral Standards

Front 17

It deals with matters which can seriously impact, injure or benefit human beings.

Back 17

Moral standards involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.

Front 18

It has overriding character. If a moral standard states that a person has the moral obligation to do something, then he is supposed to do that even if it conflicts with other non -moral standards.

Back 18

Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values.

Front 19

It is not invented, formed or generated by authoritative bodies or persons.

Back 19

Moral standards are not established by authority figures.

Front 20

It means that everyone should live up to the standards.

Back 20

Moral standards have the trait of universalizabilty.

Front 21

It does not evaluate standards on the basis of the interests of a certain person or group.

Back 21

Moral standards are based on impartial considerations.

Front 22

Depend on an outcome or result.

Back 22

Consequence

Front 23

Derived from the natural law or the law of God.

Back 23

Non-consequence

Front 24

Refer to rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations. Either these standards are not necessarily linked to morality or by nature lack ethical sense.

Back 24

Non-moral standards

Front 25

Refers to a situation in which a tough choice has to be made between two or more options, especially more or less equally undesirable ones.

Back 25

Dilemma

Front 26

Also called ethical dilemma.

Back 26

Moral Dilemma

Front 27

These are situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of actions, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.

Back 27

Moral Dilemma

Front 28

Involves conflicts between moral requirements.

Back 28

Moral Dilemma

Front 29

It is a problem in the decision-making between two possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective.

Back 29

Moral Dilemma

Front 30

Features of moral dilemma

Back 30

1. The agent is required to do each of two actions.

2. The agent can do each of these actions.

3. The agent cannot do both of the actions.

Front 31

Are those experienced and resolved on the personal level.

Back 31

Individual

Front 32

Levels of Moral Dilemma

Back 32

Individual

Organizational

Structural

Front 33

Refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations. It includes moral dilemmas in business, medical field and public sector.

Back 33

Organizational

Front 34

Refer to cases involving network of institutions and operative theoretical paradigm.

Back 34

Structural

Front 35

Conflict of perspective of sectors, groups and institutions that may be affected by the decision.

Back 35

Differential vs. Integration

Front 36

refers to the gap or overlaps in roles and responsibilities especially if key responsibilities are not clearly assigned.

Back 36

Gap vs. Overlap

Front 37

Conforming to prescribed roles and protocols, there is rigidity in following a set of expectations, work responsibilities of job description.

Back 37

Lack of clarity vs. Lack of creativity

Front 38

Too much autonomy summons isolation whereas too much interdependence summons unnecessary coordination.

Back 38

Flexibility vs. Strict adherence to rules

Front 39

The foundation of moral acts

Back 39

Freedom

Front 40

It pertains to opportunities wherein we can choose.

Back 40

Freedom

Front 41

We have the free will that helps us decide on options presented before us.

Back 41

Freedom

Front 42

(blank) requires and allows choice, which means the right to choose even differently from our fellows.

Back 42

Morality

Front 43

Everyone who wishes to function morally and rationally in a society has to (blank).

Back 43

Make choices

Front 44

The sum of our choices can be said to define our (blank).

Back 44

Specific morality

Front 45

Refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.

Back 45

Culture

Front 46

It is the sum total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.

Back 46

Culture

Front 47

It is the sum total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.

Back 47

Culture

Front 48

The totality of a person’s learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted behavior through social learning.

Back 48

Culture is cultivated behavior

Front 49

The process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in the groups to which they belong.

Back 49

Social Learning

Front 50

The process by which infants and children socially learn the culture, including morality.

Back 50

Enculturation or Socialization

Front 51

The most famous form of moral relativism

Back 51

Cultural relativism

Front 52

A theory in ethics which holds that ethical judgments have their origins either in individual or cultural standards.

Back 52

Cultural relativism

Front 53

The most dominant form of moral relativism, defines “moral” as what is socially approved by the majority in a particular culture.

Back 53

Cultural relativism

Front 54

Fundamentally believes that no act is good or bad objectivelyand there is no single objective universal standard through which we can evaluate the truth of moral judgments.

Back 54

Moral Relativism

Front 55

Moral relativists view all moral norms as equally true and morals as mere preferences.

Back 55

Moral Relativism

Front 56

Those values generally shared by cultures

Back 56

Universal values

Front 57

enables man to change, to establish self-control and self-direction

Back 57

Values

Front 58

these are necessary to the physical survival of man as an organism.

Back 58

Biological values

Front 59

Kinds of values

Back 59

Biological values

Social values

Rational values

Moral values

Front 60

these are necessary to the sensual needs and fulfillment.

Back 60

Social values

Front 61

these are necessary to the functions and fulfillment of intellect and will.

Back 61

Rational values

Front 62

Are those that directly pertain to the function of intellect and will: those choices, decisions and actions by which man’s rational faculties are involved and perfected.

Back 62

Moral values