Ethics #1

Front 1

Bracketing

Back 1

Being aware of values and keeping them from harming clients

Front 2

Value imposition

Back 2

Attempting to influence a client to adopt therapist values, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors

Front 3

To refer or not refer?

Back 3

If you have conflicting values, seek supervision

Front 4

Client dumping

Back 4

Referring or transferring less desirable clients to community or public venues. Happens to clients that have particular issues or disorders that make you anxious/afraid/don’t want to deal with.

Front 5

Ward v. Wilbanks

Back 5

Julea enrolled in a counseling program and said her Christian faith prevented her from affirming same-sex relationships or extramarital relationships. Asked to refer client and was told it’s a violation of ethics code. Was offered a remedial and declined—>was dismissed from program. Sued in district court, dismissed because of ethics code. Appealed and sent to jury trial, settled to avoid costly trial.

Front 6

Keeton v Anderson-Wiley

Back 6

Jenn Keeton dismissed from program for declining to participate in a remedial program to help keep personal values separate from clients’ values. Wanted to recommend conversion therapy. Sued university for dismissing her, court dismissed case stating Uni was justified

Front 7

Can counselors legally deny service to clients on the basis of sincerely held beliefs?

Back 7

Some states, including Arizona, have and are passing laws to protect professionals’ religious belief systems. (AZ Revised Stat 41-1493.04)

Front 8

Arizona Abortion Law

Back 8

Physician must secure written and notarized consent from a minor’s parents/guardian or authorization by a superior court judge to complete an abortion

Front 9

Key parts of Arizona Sex Education

Back 9

Promote abstinence

No district will include in its course of study instruction that: promotes homosexual life-style, portrays homosexuality as a positive alternative life-style, suggests that some methods of sex are safe methods of homosexual sex.

Front 10

Client Spirituality

Back 10

Express sincere interest in clients’ spiritual beliefs and experiences

Listen for how clients talk about existential concerns or meaning, values, mortality and being in the world

Ask what beliefs mean to the client (don’t ask them to teach you about it)

It’s the client’s prerogative to determine what specific values to retain, replace, or modify

Understand your own spiritual journey

Front 11

Type of end of life options

Back 11

Rational suicide

Aid-in-dying

Hastened death

Advance directives

Front 12

What does Arizona law say about end of life decisions?

Back 12

It does not allow for suicide, assisted suicide or mercy killing. Any person who assists a suicide or kills a person out of mercy from their pain, may be prosecuted for murder.

It DOES permit guardians or surrogates to withhold life support in the event that a person cannot survive on their own (so long as they have the authority to do so.)

Front 13

What to consider when making therapeutic goals

Back 13

It is a collaborative process

Agency, school, insurance providers—how many sessions are you limited to?

Front 14

Assessment

Back 14

Evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration

Front 15

Diagnosis

Back 15

Identification of a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symtoms

Front 16

Differential diagnosis

Back 16

Distinguishing one form of mental disorder from another based upon similar symptoms

Front 17

Pressure to diagnose

Back 17

Insurance may require an illness to reimburse for treatment

Must diagnose in order to bill insurance

Insurance companies may have a list of treatments acceptable for a certain diagnosis

Front 18

Diversity Sensitive Assessment

Back 18

Be aware of own biases and potential blind spots

Gather information about the context of clients’ lives

Differences are not necessarily barriers

Collaborate on a diagnosis

Identify strengths

Understand and explore the difference between cutler and individual pathology

Level of acculturation and generational differences

Front 19

USA Pregnancy Statistics

Back 19

Despite reductions in recent years of teen pregnancy, births, abortions and sexual activity...

Highest of developed nations in unintended pregnancies (30% of teen girls cite pregnancy or parenthood as a primary reason for dropping out)

Front 20

Condom Usage in boys

Back 20

Black and Hispanic HS boys are most likely to use condoms than white boys

Front 21

Birth control usage in girls

Back 21

White girls are more likely to use birth control pills compared to Black and Hispanic girls

Front 22

Arizona age of consent

Back 22

18 years old

Individuals age 17 or younger in AZ are not legally able to consent to sexual activity, and such activity may result jn prosecution for statuary rape. Exceptions if married, offender is under 19 years old or not more than 2 years age difference

Front 23

Bellotti v Baird

Back 23

All states requiring parental notification for abortions must allow the minor access to judicial bypass free from parental involvement

Front 24

Holt v Bellflower: Confidentiality

Back 24

Holt sued SD for wrongful termination. Vice principal ordered Holt to disclose the names of pregnant students so they could be transferred to another school specifically designed to handle pregnant students—holt declined to share info due to confidentiality. Case was dismissed and appealed but results are not public.

Front 25

Arnold v Board of Education of Escambia County

Back 25

2 HS students filed suit against school counselor and assistant principal alleging they coerced and assisted student into getting an abortion—they paid someone to drive her there and then made her do menial tasks to earn money to pay for an abortion. Parents alleged that they were not informed and student was urged not to tell them. Suit was dismissed, appealed, and case was remanded back to lower court for trial. Trial revealed student went to a physician who confirmed pregnancy and gave abortion info upon her request. Couple told counselor they didn’t want parents to know because weren’t supposed to be seeing each other.

Front 26

AZ State Law: Minors and Abortion

Back 26

38 states require a minor seeking an abortion to involve one or both parents in the decision

Arizona prohibits any physician from performing an abortion on an unemancipated minor without the written consent of one of the minor’s parents or her guardian or conservator, or unless a judge of the superior court authorized the physician to perform the abortion pursuant to prescribed procedures

Front 27

Gruenke v Seip

Back 27

Swim coach suspected that one of his students was pregnant and required her to take a pregnancy test at practice

Court found that he abused his authority and invaded her privacy, violating the 4th amendment (unreasonable search and seizure)

Front 28

Title IX

Back 28

All schools that receive even $1 of federal funding must comply with Title IX

Officials must treat pregnant and parenting students as they would treat all students

School officials: can’t require a doctors note for pregnant students to participate in activities unless they require a doctor’s note for all medical conditions, must excuse absences due to pregnancy and childbirth for as long as dr. deems medically necessary and provide make-up work or opportunities for catching up, must reinstate students to status they had before leave began, and avoid encouraging students to attend inferior programs

Front 29

Chipman v Grant County School District

Back 29

Two otherwise qualified female students were denied admission to their HS’s chapter of the National Honor Society because they had babies the previous year—denied based on the perception that having had premarital sex reflected poorly on their characters (no other students were asked about sexuality and no male students were asked if they had fathered children)