Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ethical conduct |
standard based on moral principles or practices and matters of social policy involving moral issues |
|
legal conduct |
behavior that conforms to written law |
|
What are the 4 "D's" of malpractice |
Dereliction Duty (established patient-doctor relationship) Damaged- patient injured Directly- caused by physician negligence |
|
What are compensatory damages? |
funds given to reimburse patient for bills/lost salary and for pain/suffering |
|
what are punitive (exemplary) damages? |
funds awarded to punish physician/set example. Only in cases of extreme neglegence physician is responsible for payment, malpractice insurance wont cover |
|
What criteria must be met for good samaritan laws to apply? |
procedure doctor uses must be standard and accepted by med profession
must be within scope of physicians training
doctor cannot be paid
doctor must remain with patient until another physician takes over patients care
|
|
What is an emancipated minor? |
under 18, considered competent adults and can make their own medical decisions |
|
What are the 4 criteria that would make a minor eligible to be considered emancipated? |
self-supporting or in military or married or having a child that they care for |
|
Who determines if a patient meets the standard for competence if there is doubt/dispute? |
a judge |
|
what criteria must be met for involuntary hospitilization? |
must be dangerous to self or others or unable to provide self care |
|
can an involuntarily hospitilized patient be forced to undergo treatments or take medication? are there exceptions? |
usually no
but if patient is suicidal or psychotic they may be deemed incompetent to make their own medical decisions |
|
what are the 2 requirements for a crime? |
evil intent and evil deed |
|
what is mens rea? |
evil intent |
|
what is actus reus? |
evil act |
|
What are the requirements for informed consent (5) |
1. understand health implications of diagnosis 2. understand risk/benifits of procedure 3. understand alternatives to procedure 4. understand likely outcome if they dont have procedure 5. are aware they can withdraw consent at any time. |
|
What is the M'Naghten test? |
helps determine if individual understands the nature of their crimes and if they were wrong. is the strictest criteria for legal insanity |
|
what is the durham test |
test for legal insanity that evaluates weather a person's behavior is product of mental illness. is most lenient of the tests |
|
Can you compel a 14 year old minor to donate bone marrow to a sick sister? |
Yes. But only if the minor is the only possible source, provides no serious long term risk, provides a clear benifit to the sister, and has a reasonable chance of success? |
|
What is an exception to the requirement that parents give consent for treatment for minors? |
emergency situations when parents arent there. If they are there and object Physicians can even go around the objections of parents in certain situations, if time allows, attempt to get a court order.
another exception relates to contraceptives, pregnancy testing, STD treatment, treatment for mental illness and care during pregnancy |
|
Generally how should you approach genetic testing for children. |
if early intervention improve outcome yes. if early intervention does not improve outcome an it has an adult onset, dont test. if it has a childhood onset it is up to the parents. |
|
What are the criteria for noninitiation of rescuscation |
gestation less than 23 weeks birthweight less than 400g anencephaly trisomy 13, 18 |
|
When is it appropriate to breach confidentiality |
patient is suspected of child/elder abuse risk of suicide risk to others/ public safety |
|
What was the outcome of the Tarasoff cases |
court ruled that physicians must use clinical judgment to determine ways to protect intended victims when their patients are a potential threat to said victims |
|
What are the reportable diseases? (B A SSSMMART Clam or Chicken) |
Hep A,B Salmonellosis Shingellosis Syphillis Measles Mumps AIDS Rubella Tuberculosis Clamydia Chickenpox |
|
What limitations are placed on a doctor who has or suspects they may have HIV |
they shall not engage in behavior that would increase risk of transmission to patients |
|
When can a physician breech confedentiality of an HIV infected patient |
when they habitually engage in behaviors that put others at risk for infection. particularly if those individuals are unaware of the patients infection |
|
What is a health care proxy? |
DUPA is a legal document which grants a proxy the power to make decisions on their behalf when they are incompetent to do so themselves |
|
what is a living will? |
legal document that a competent patient produces that indicates their wishes (medically) should they become incompetent to make medical decisions. |
|
What is the substituted judgement standard? |
surrogates have an ethical obligation to guide care "as the patient would have" not as they want |
|
What is the progression of medical surrogates? |
Spouse Adult Children Parents Siblings Other relatives/ friends |
|
When is the best interest standard applied? |
when patient's wishes are not known |
|
What are the criteria for brain death |
absence of: response to external stimuli/events spontaneous respiration cephalic reflexes electrical potentials over 2mv from symmetrically placed electrodes 10 cm apart cerebral blood flow >30m
|
|
What is the double effect |
giving patient medication that will provide analgesia to terminal patient but also shorten their lives. is an accepted practice |
|
describe utilitarianism |
ethical theory based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people possible. an example of this is the medicare system and the allocation of organs for donation. |
|
what is a weakness of the utilitarian approach? |
hard to quantify all variables can result in biased allocation of resources can result in ignoring rights of some to achieve outcome |
|
what is rights based ethics? |
places emphisis on individual rights. serves to protect individuals from injury. |
|
what is a weakness of rights based ethics. |
can encourage individualistic selfish behavior ie: unions protecting their members but not other people |
|
what is duty based ethics |
it is based on absolute moral rules that determine our duty to others. A strength is that there is a mandate for respect and impartiality |
|
what is a weakness of duty based ethics? |
hard to determine what the set of rules should be and who determines it |
|
what is justice based ethics? |
fair distribution of benefits and burdens. based on the veil of ignorance. this ethic is consistant with the single payer insurance systemn |
|
what is a weakness of justice based ethics? |
some say that it is unfair for healthy to subsidize unhealthy |
|
what is virtue based ethics? |
based on belief that we have a duty or responsibility to others to be virtuous for their sake and not ulterior motives. |
|
what is a weakness of virtue based ethics |
can open one up to being taken advantage of |
|
what is the difference between empathy and sympathy |
empathy is understanding without experiencing sympathy is feeling sorry for |
|
what are the steps of the 3-step ethics model |
is it legal? is it balanced? how does it make me feel? |
|
what are the 4 principles of bioethics? |
autonomy benefecence nonmalfeasance justice |
|
what is autonomy? |
people have the right to make decisions about their own life |
|
what is the principle of beneficence? |
doing good |
|
what is the principle of nonmalfeasance? |
primum non nocere (first do no harm) completes principle of beneficence do good for patient but also do no (minimal) harm in the process |
|
what is the principle of justice? |
equals must be treated equally |