Ethics Midterm

Front 1

Moral Question

Back 1

"How we ought to live"

Front 2

Moral Philosophy

Back 2

The effort to understand the nature of morality and what it requires of us.

Front 3

Impartiality

Back 3

The idea that each individual's interests are equally important.

Front 4

Minimal moral conception

Back 4

Every theory needs to have reasons to back it up.

Front 5

Cultural Relativism

Back 5

Answers the moral question of how we ought to live by saying we should do whatever our culture says is right.

Front 6

Sound argument

Back 6

An argument where all the premises are true and the conclusion follows logically from them.

Front 7

Simple subjectivism

Back 7

When someone says something is morally good or bad, they are simply stating how they feel.

Front 8

Arguments against Simple Subjectivism

Back 8

1) Cannot disagree with statement because it is only stating feelings.

2) Simple subjectivism implies that we are always right.

Front 9

Emotivism

Back 9

Trying to persuade someone to think the way you do and to share morals.

Front 10

Objection to Emotivism

Back 10

1) Doesn't make room for the role of reason.

2) There is no account for error.

Front 11

Divine Command Theory

Back 11

Answers the moral question of how we ought to live by saying we should do what God says is morally right.

Front 12

Dilemma with Divine Command Theory

Back 12

Does God make moral truths or only recognize them?

Front 13

Price-gouging laws

Back 13

Laws against significantly raising prices (in time of need).

Front 14

Aristotle's form of justice

Back 14

Justice means giving people what they deserve- basic needs. (food shelter, etc.)

Front 15

Three approaches to Justice

Back 15

Welfare, freedom, and virtue.

Front 16

Utilitarianism

Back 16

Doing whatever makes the most people happy (creates the most utility).

Front 17

Absurdity of Utilitarianism

Back 17

It ignores individual rights

Front 18

Euthanasia

Back 18

Killing someone who is very sick/ injured in order to stop any more suffering (Utilitarians believe this is moral).

Front 19

Richard D. Ryder

Back 19

Came up with the term Specieism (but is against it).

Front 20

Specieism

Back 20

The idea that animal interests matter less than human interests.

Front 21

Hedonism

Back 21

The idea that pleasure is the one ultimate good, and pain is the one ultimate evil.

Front 22

G. E. Moore

Back 22

Came up with 3 obvious intrinsic (natural) goods:

1) Pleasure

2) Friendship

3) Aesthetic (beautiful) enjoyment

Front 23

Inallienable right

Back 23

A right that cannot be take away.

Front 24

Libertarian

Back 24

Thinks that individual rights is most important.

Front 25

Free market

Back 25

A market that is not controlled by the government (Libertarians favor this).

Front 26

Freidrich A Hayek

Back 26

Economist-philospher.

Argued that any attempt to bring greater economic equality was bound to be coercive (forced) and destructive of a free society)

Objects minimum wage laws and laws against employment discrimination.

Front 27

Robert Nozick

Back 27

Believes only a minimal state, limited to enforcing contracts and protecting people against force, theft, and fraud, is justified.

Front 28

Bottom line of libertarianism

Back 28

If I own myself, I must own my labor.

Front 29

Kant theory

Back 29

Focuses on not the overall welfare or individual rights, but on the motivation of activities.

Front 30

Categorical impairment

Back 30

Do x, because it is your duty, not because you get a reward (such as money).