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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cultural Relativism bumper sticker slogan |
"When in Rome, do as the Romans do" |
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It is not, "You can do what Romans do" it is: |
"You need to do what the Romans do", when in that culture |
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Behaviorism slogan |
"I couldn't help myself" |
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Behaviorism key philosopher |
B. F. Skinner |
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Behaviorism principles |
Improve society through behavior modifications Ethical language = behavior modifications Survival of the human race |
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Behaviorism strength |
Example: A coach giving a pep talk encourages the team to do well and win |
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Behaviorism weaknesses |
Reduces us to animal status Behavior modification to create eutopia is illogical if we don't make choices |
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Egoism slogan |
"Look out for number one" |
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Egoism philosopher |
Ayn Rand |
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Egoism principle |
You must do what is in your best interest |
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Egoism weaknesses |
Does egoism properly understand ultimate reality? Is justice possible in Egoism? |
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Egoism strengths |
Forges a strong link between personal responsibility and self-esteem Biologically, selfish is good, also altruism is not always good |
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Evolution slogan |
"Survival of the (Ethical) Fittest" |
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Evolution philosopher |
E.O. Wilson |
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Evolution key principles |
Evolutions are toward survival and reproduction All phenomena can be explained naturalistically The mimicked altruism becomes "ethics" when the behavior is chosen consciously |
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Evolution strengths |
Helps us understand why we do what we do |
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Evolution weaknesses |
Reduces humans to their genetics We don't know where evolution is taking us, gives no direction |
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Utilitarianism slogan |
"The Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number" |
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Utilitarianism key philosopher |
John Stewart Mill |
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Utilitarianism focuses on |
Overall well being |
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Utilitarianism key principles |
Happiness My happiness is not important than your happiness Consequences are what matter
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Utilitarianism strengths |
Goodness (a moral quality) and happiness are linked Consequences are empirically verifiable |
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Utilitarianism weaknesses |
What happens to motives Impossible to determine consequences |
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Kant slogan |
"It's your duty" |
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Kant key philosopher |
Immanuel Kant |
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Kant key principles |
What is morally right can be universalized Never treat humans as means to an end |
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Kant strengths |
People generally approve the rational over the irrational in making decisions The "universalizing" principle makes us consider the perspective of others |
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Kant weaknesses |
One may worry of the consequences, but according to theory, consequences are irrelevant in ethical consideration It encourages a cold hearted, rational motive, rather than a selfless motive of love |
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Virtue Slogan |
Be good
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Virtue key philosopher |
Aristotle |
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Virtue principles |
Morality is founded on "being the right person, the good person" Virtue is growth in in character and growth in knowledge |
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Virtue strengths |
Right and wrong are not a dichotomy of black and white, but are poles on a scale Good act is different than a good man Does more than eliminate evil |
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Virtue weaknesses |
Virtues can conflict with one another Isolated virtues can be used badly A terrorist can display courage and sacrifice in an act of violence |
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Narrative key philosopher |
Stanley Hauerwas |
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Narrative slogan |
The Moral of the Story is |
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Narrative principles |
Our lives are shaped like stories The power of biography We create our own lives as stories |
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Narrative strengths |
Sees human life in relation to community, not merely as independent agents Grounded in wholeness of human life, not just rationality and behavior |
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Narrative weaknesses |
Focuses on actions independent of character Eliminates need for God Is an excuse for rationalism related to relativism What if the church does not live up to its role, What validates the Christian story over other narratives? |
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Situation key philosopher |
Joseph Fletcher |
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Situation slogan |
All you need is love |
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Situation principles |
Only the end justifies the means: Nothing else Only one thing is intrinsically good, namely love Consequences count |
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Situation strengths |
Provides a singular foundation upon which to build a system Solves the problem of conflicting rules Relates ethics to faith, salvation, sanctification, encompasses motive, rationality and consequences |
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Situation weaknesses |
The value of rules is overlooked The principle does not take the fall and human sin seriously enough Overlooks the whole testimony of scripture, even the first commandment of loving God |
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Natural Law key philosopher |
Thomas Aquinas |
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Natural Law slogan |
Doing what comes naturally |
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Natural Law principles |
Knowledge of God can be learned in the study of the word as well as the study of scripture Do good and avoid evil Don't steal, lie or murder Faith above reason Scripture above general revelation Christ above natural man |
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Natural Law strengths |
Helps us see what is good about self interest, and to understand human drives and inclinations Can be believed through experience and will power Accurate view of humanity: sinful but valued |
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Natural Law weaknesses |
Overlooks sin, may not always be clear how to live life Conflicting in interpretations, universal moral standards across cultures |
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Divine Command Theory key philosopher |
Richard Mouw |
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Divine Command Theory slogan |
God said it, I believe it, that settles it |
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Divine Command Theory principles |
God is, He is sovereign Man is a creature, created by God God reveals himself through prophets, Jesus, Church, human conscience Seemingly unbridgeable gap exists between man and God, God only can close gap |
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Divine Command Theory strengths |
Wholesome view of deity transcendent and immanent Accurate view of humanity: sinful but valued |
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Divine Command Theory weaknesses |
Conflicting revelations and interpretations Universal moral standards across cultures |
