Esthetics - Basic Chemistry (Chapter 6)

Front 1

The human body's daily funtioning is based on

Back 1

chemical reactions

Front 2

Rusting iron and burning wood are examples of changes in

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chemical properties

Front 3

The lightest element on earth is

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hydrogen

Front 4

The most abundant element found on earth is

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oxygen

Front 5

Makes up 65% of the human body and covers 75% of the earth's surface

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water

Front 6

Is neutral on the pH scale

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7

Front 7

Number of substances that make up the physical mixtures of solutions, suspensions and emulsions

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two or more

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Type of mixture that creates suspensions of two or more substances

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uniform mixtures

Front 9

Type of emulsion in skin cleansers, moisturizers, and body washes

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Oil in water emulsions

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four-fifths of the air in our atmosphere is made up of this element

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nitrogen

Front 11

In w/o emulsions, droplets of water are surrounded by surfacants with their "heads" (hydrophilic ends) pointing ___ and their "tails" (lipophilic ends) pointing _____

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in, out

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This type of mixture makes solutions, suspensions and emulsions

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physical mixture

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Two or more atoms that are chemically joined together

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molecule

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Process ice melting to form water or water evaporating into steam

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change of state

Front 15

The potential hydrogen of a substance is its relative degree of

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acidity and alkalinity

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Anything below 7 on the pH scale is considered

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acidic

Front 17

A protective barrier of the skin

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acid mantle

Front 18

The three states of matter

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solid, liquid and gas

Front 19

Process in which antioxidants prevent free radical from occurring

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Neutralization

Front 20

In skin care preparation, surfacants

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wet the skin, disperse o/w, emulsify o/w

Front 21

The change of state of a substance without the formation of a new substance

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physical change

Front 22

Two type of chemical reactions that are important to Estheticians

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acid-alkali neutralization and oxidation reduction

Front 23

Droplets of oil are dispersed in water in this type of emulsion

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oil in water

Front 24

Two or more of this type of substance can only be united with an emulsifier to create an emulsion

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immiscible

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This type of matter has a definite size and shape

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solid

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This type of matter has a definite size but not a definite shape

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liquid

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Color, odor, weight, density, specific gravity, melting point, boiling point and hardness are all ____ traits of a substance

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physical

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A change in the chemical composition of a substance

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chemical change

Front 29

Represents a tenfold change in pH

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change of 1 whole number

Front 30

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by a production of heat and light

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combustion

Front 31

Solutions, suspensions and emulsions are differentited by the

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size of particles and solubility of components

Front 32

The types of substances are not mutually soluble

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immiscible