Essentials Of Nursing 1

Front 1

what is infection

Back 1

invastion of a susceptible host by pathoges or microoorganisms, resulting in disease.

Front 2

what are principal infecting agents?

Back 2

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa

Front 3

what is colonization

Back 3

if a microorganism is present or invades a host, grows and multiplies but does not cause disease or infection

Front 4

what is communicable disease

Back 4

an infection disease transmitted directly from one person to another is contagious

Front 5

what elements are required for an infection to develop?

Back 5

infectious agent or pathogen, reservoir or place for pathogen growth, portal of exit from the reservoir, mode of trasmission or vehicle, portal of entry and a susceptible host.

Front 6

what is virulence

Back 6

ability to produce disease

Front 7

what is a reservoir

Back 7

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply and await transfer to a suscetible host
common reservoirs are:humnas and animals, insects, food, water..

Front 8

what are the two types of human reservoirs

Back 8

those with acute or symptomatic disease and those who show no signs of diesease but are carriers.

Front 9

what is the portal of exit

Back 9

after microorganisms find a portal of exit if they are to enter another host and cause disease.

Front 10

what is portal of entry?

Back 10

organisms are able to enter the body through the same routes they use foe exiting. commo

Front 11

what is systemic infection?

Back 11

affects the entirre body instead of just one organ, often fatal

Front 12

what is suprainfection?

Back 12

it is caused when broad spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of infection eliminate or changes normal bacterial flora

Front 13

what is inflammation

Back 13

is a protective ascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to interstitial tissues in an area of injury.

Front 14

what are necrotic tissues?

Back 14

look up

Front 15

what is an antigen?

Back 15

foreign material that enters the body

Front 16

what is a health care associated infection ?

Back 16

infection that develops after the time of admission to a health care setting

Front 17

what is a community acquired infection

Back 17

infection that was present at the time of admittance to a healthcare facility

Front 18

what are the two types of health care-associated infections?

Back 18

1.exogenous
2.endogenous infection

Front 19

what is an exogenous infection?

Back 19

it comes from microorganisms outside the individual such as salmonella, clostridiu tetani, which do not exist as normal flora

Front 20

what is an endogenous infection?

Back 20

it occurs when part of the pts flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results( staphylococci, enterococci, yeasts). It usually happens when the pt receives broad spectrum antibiotics that alter normal flora.

Front 21

what does asepsis mean?

Back 21

absence of disease producaint miroorganisms.

Front 22

what are the two types of asepsis?

Back 22

medical sepsis and surgical asepsis

Front 23

What is medical asepsis

Back 23

includes procedures used to reduce the number or microorganisms and prevent their spreat. Hand hygiene, barrier tachniques, and routine envoronmental cleaning are examples.

Front 24

what is surgical asepsis

Back 24

sterile techniques. used during pt care, sx to prevent microbial contamination of an open wound or a sterile item.

Front 25

what are the types of transmission based precautions?

Back 25

airborne, droplet and airborne

Front 26

what do tears provide

Back 26

oxygen and nutrients

Front 27

simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction

Back 27

conjugate movement

Front 28

th eyeball s 3 layers of tissue

Back 28

sclera, choroid, retina

Front 29

choroid

Back 29

middle layer that makes up the iris and ciliary muscle at the front of the eye

Front 30

colored part of the eye

Back 30

iris

Front 31

hole in the center of the iris

Back 31

pupil

Front 32

inner lining of the eyeball

Back 32

retina

Front 33

at the back of the eye contains light sensitive receptors called

Back 33

rods and cones

Front 34

rods

Back 34

most important for vision in dim light

Front 35

cones

Back 35

used fro daylight vision and color perception

Front 36

what do tears provide

Back 36

oxygen and nutrients

Front 37

simultaneous movement of both eyes in the same direction

Back 37

conjugate movement

Front 38

th eyeball s 3 layers of tissue

Back 38

sclera, choroid, retina

Front 39

choroid

Back 39

middle layer that makes up the iris and ciliary muscle at the front of the eye

Front 40

colored part of the eye

Back 40

iris

Front 41

hole in the center of the iris

Back 41

pupil

Front 42

inner lining of the eyeball

Back 42

retina

Front 43

at the back of the eye contains light sensitive receptors called

Back 43

rods and cones

Front 44

rods

Back 44

most important for vision in dim light

Front 45

cones

Back 45

used fro daylight vision and color perception

Front 46

optic nerve

Back 46

enters the back of the eyeball
sends visual messages to the branin for interpretation

Front 47

what is the function of aqueous humor

Back 47

to moistureize and nourish the lens and cornea

Front 48

what is the function of the vitreous humor

Back 48

helps hold the retina in place

Front 49

what is the lens

Back 49

transparetn structure behind the iris it is attacehd to the ciliary muscle

Front 50

accomodation

Back 50

ciliary muscle relaxes and contracts to change the shape of the lens

Front 51

what is the viual pathway

Back 51

cornea, aqueous humor, lends and vitreous humo---> refractive media

Front 52

grayish fing around the outer margin of the iris

Back 52

arcus senilis

Front 53

impaired ability to focus in older people

Back 53

presbyopia

Front 54

farsightedness

Back 54

hyperopia

Front 55

blind spots

Back 55

scotomata

Front 56

what conditions may affect the eye

Back 56

diabetes- temp blurring of vision
neurologic disorders-blurred vision, diplopia, inability to move eyes, loss of visual fields
thyroid disease bulging eyes,
hypertension , vision loss

Front 57

measurment of pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye

Back 57

tonometry

Front 58

blood vessels at the back of the eye

Back 58

fundus

Front 59

light rays bendid so that they focus on the retina

Back 59

refraction

Front 60

facial nerve

Back 60

seventh cranial nerve

Front 61

three small bones in the middle ear

Back 61

ossicles, malleus, incus

Front 62

oval widow, that separates the middle ear from the inner ear

Back 62

vestibule

Front 63

air passage to the middle ear so that air pressure remains the same on both sides of the ympanic memrane

Back 63

eustachian tube

Front 64

one structure behind the auricle

Back 64

mastoid process

Front 65

what is the fluid in the membranous labyrinth

Back 65

endolymph

Front 66

type of hearing loss most often asociated with age !

Back 66

presbycusis

Front 67

pain in the ear

Back 67

otalgia

Front 68

itching

Back 68

pruritus

Front 69

pigmented spots on sun exposed areas

Back 69

lentigines

Front 70

small soft raised leisons

Back 70

achrochordons

Front 71

angiomas

Back 71

bright red papules