Essentials Of Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

The most superior body cavity is the:
(a) abdominal cavity
(b) spinal cavity
(c) thoracic cavity
(d) cranial cavity

Back 1

(d) cranial cavity

Front 2

The diaphram separates the:
(a) thoracic and abdominal cavities
(b) abdominal and pelvic cavities
(c) cranial and spinal cavities
(d) thoracic and pelvic cavities

Back 2

(a) thoracic and abdominal cavities

Front 3

A cross-section of an artery would look like a:
(a) rectangle
(b) hollow circle
(c) cylinder
(d) hollow tube

Back 3

(b) hollow circle

Front 4

Which of the following is not an aspect of the anatomy of an organ?
(a) size
(b) type of cells present
(c) shape
(d) function

Back 4

(d) function

Front 5

The organ level of organization includes all of the following except the:
(a) arteries
(b) liver
(c) blood
(d) kidneys

Back 5

(c) blood

Front 6

Homeostasis means that the internal environment of the body is:
(a) exactly the same at all times
(b) relatively stable in spite of constant changes
(c) constantly changing drastically
(d) not changing at all

Back 6

(b) relatively stable in spite of constant changes

Front 7

Which sequence lists the levels of organization in the proper order of increasing complecity?
(a) chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
(b) chemicals, tissues, organs, cells, organ systems
(c) cells, chemicals, organs, tissues, organ systems
(d) cells, chemicals, tissues, organ systems, organs

Back 7

(a) chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ sytems

Front 8

Which membrane is not paired with its proper location?
(a) peritoneum-lines the abdominal organs
(b) meninges-lines the cranial cavity
(c) visceral pleura-covers the lungs
(d) parietal pleura-lines the thoracic cavity

Back 8

(a) peritoneum-lines the abdominal organs

Front 9

A midsagittal section of the head would cut through all of the following except these two:
(a) nose
(b) eyes
(c) mouth
(d) brain
(e) ears

Back 9

(b) eyes
(e) ears

Front 10

Which statement is not true of cells?
(a) the human body contains many different types of cells
(b) cells are made up of inaorganic and organic chemicals
(c) cells are the smallest living subunits of structure and function
(d) a group of cells with similar structure and function is called an organ

Back 10

(d) a group of cells with similar structure and function is called an organ

Front 11

A person with type AB blood has:
(a) A and B antigens on the RBC's and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in the plasma
(b) A antigens on the RBC's and anti-A antibodies in the plasma
(c) B antigens on the RBC's and anti-A antibodies in the plasma
(d) A and B antibodies on the RBC's and no antigens in the plasma

Back 11

(a) A and B antigens on the RBC's and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in the plasma

Front 12

The plasma protien that helps maintain blood volume by pulling tissue fluid into capillaries is:
(a) prothorombin
(b) albumin
(c) gamma globulin
(d) hemoglobin

Back 12

(b) albumin

Front 13

The WBC's that recognize foreign antigens and produce antibodies are:
(a) monocytes
(b) neutrophils
(c) lymphocytes
(d) eosinophils

Back 13

(c) lymphocytes

Front 14

The red bone marrow produces:
(a) RBC's only
(b) RBC's and platelets only
(c) RBC's and WBC's only
(d) all types of blood cells

Back 14

(d) all types of blood cells

Front 15

The cells in the hemopoietic tissues that undergo mitosis to produce all the types of blood cells are called:
(a) normoblasts
(b) stem cells
(c) reticulocytes
(d) megakaryocytes

Back 15

(b) stem cells

Front 16

Plasma makes up ____% of the total blood and is itself ____% of water.
(a) 52-62%/91%
(b) 91-92%/55%
(c) 65-75%/80%
(d) 50-60%/50%

Back 16

(a) 52-62%/91%

Front 17

The extrinsic factor needed for DNA synthesis in the red bone marrow is:
(a) calcium
(b) vitamin B12
(c) vitamin K
(d) iron

Back 17

(b) vitamin B12

Front 18

The organ that produces erythropoietin during hypoxia is the:
(a) liver
(b) red bone marrow
(c) spleen
(d) kidney

Back 18

(d) kidney

Front 19

The oxygen-carrying protien of RBC's is
(a) prothrombin
(b) hemoglobin
(c) myoglobin
(d) erythropoietin

Back 19

(b) hemoglobin

Front 20

A blood clot is made of:
(a) thrombin
(b) fibrinogen
(c) fibrin
(d) prothrombin factor

Back 20

(c) fibrin

Front 21

The process of spermatogenesis produces:
(a) sperm cells, in cycles of 28 days
(b) sperm cells, from puberty to age 50
(c) only one functional sperm cell and three polar bodies
(d) sperm cells, from puberty throughout life

Back 21

(d) sperm cells, from pubery throughout life

Front 22

The part of a sperm cell that contains the 23 chromosomes is the:
(a) flagellum
(b) acrosome
(c) middle piece
(d) head

Back 22

(d) head

Front 23

The part of the testes that produce sperm are the:
(a) interstitial cells
(b) vas deferens
(c) seminiferous tubules
(d) epididymides

Back 23

(c) seminiferous tubules

Front 24

The alkaline fluid of semen is important to neutralize the:
(a) acidic pH of the uterus
(b) acidic pH of the vagina
(c) alkaline pH of the vagina
(d) alkaline pH of the fallopian tube

Back 24

(b) acidic pH of the vagina

Front 25

The male reproductive duct that carries sperm from the epididymis into the abdominal cavity is the:
(a) vas deferens
(b) urethra
(c) inguinal duct
(d) ejaculatory duct

Back 25

(a) vas deferens

Front 26

The process of meiosis produces _______ cells, each with _______ number of chromosomes.
(a) 4/haploid
(b) 2/haploid
(c) 4/diploid
(d) 2/diploid

Back 26

(a) 4/haploid

Front 27

The process of meiosis that produces an egg with 23 chromosomes is called:
(a) oogenesis
(b) spermatogenesis
(c) eggogenesis
(d) ovulation

Back 27

(a) oogenesis

Front 28

Expulsion of a mature egg from the ovary is called:
(a) ejaculation
(b) ovulation
(c) menstruation
(d) fertilization

Back 28

(b) ovulation

Front 29

The site of fertilization is usually the:
(a) fallopian tube
(b) vagina
(c) uterus
(d) ovary

Back 29

(a) fallopian tube

Front 30

The process of oogenesis begains at age _______ and ends at _______.
(a) birth, death
(b) puberty, death
(c) puberty, menopause
(d) birth, menopause

Back 30

(c) puberty, menopause

Front 31

A contagious disease is always:
(a) communicable
(b) self-limiting
(c) non-communicable
(d) secondary

Back 31

(a) communicable

Front 32

An infection in which the person shows no symptoms is called:
(a) asymptomatic
(b) subclinical
(c) inapparent
(d) all of these

Back 32

(d) all of these

Front 33

A virus can reproduce only in:
(a) the blood
(b) tissue fluid
(c) cell
(d) none of these

Back 33

(c) cell

Front 34

The time between the entry of the pathogen and the appearance of symptoms is called the:
(a) latent period
(b) incubation period
(c) dormant stage
(d) self-limiting stage

Back 34

(b) incubation period

Front 35

Pathogens inhaled in air usually do not reach the lungs because of the presence of ______ in the trachea.
(a) cilliated epithelium
(b) muscle tissue
(c) air
(d) cartilage

Back 35

(a) cilliated epithelium

Front 36

In women, the normal flora of the vagina create a(n) ________ pH that prevents the growth of pathogens.
(a) neutral
(b) alkaline
(c) acidic
(d) very alkaline

Back 36

(c) acidic

Front 37

An infection that begins suddenly and spreads quickly throughout the body may be called:
(a) acute and localized
(b) chronic and systemic
(c) chronic and localized
(d) acute and systemic

Back 37

(d) acute and systemic

Front 38

Pathogens in foods such as cheese may be destroyed by a process called:
(a) sterilization
(b) pasteurization
(c) disinfection
(d) chlorination

Back 38

(b) pasteurization

Front 39

Viruses cause disease by doing what in cells?
(a) reproducing in them
(b) activating the cells
(c) becoming dormant
(d) deactivating the cells

Back 39

(a) reproducing in them

Front 40

Which of these is not a portal of entry for pathogens:
(a) nose
(b) unbroken skin
(c) reproductive tract
(d) mouth

Back 40

(b) unbroken skin

Front 41

Diagram the pathway of blood through the body.

Back 41

superior and inferior venacava———›right atrium———›tricuspid valve———›right ventricle———›pulmonary artery———›lungs———›pulmonary vein(4)———›left atrium———›bicuspid valve———›left ventricle———›aorta———›body

Front 42

Describe why a person with type O blood is the universal donor and a person with type AB blood is the universal recipient.

Back 42

Type O RBC's have neither A nor B antigens on their surface. Without the presence of these antigens type O blood will not react with whatever antibodies are present in the blood of the recipient. Type O is the only blood type that people with all other blood types can safely receive.
Type AB blood contains neither A nor B antibodies. Without the presence of these antibodies type AB blood will not react with whatever antigens are present in the blood of the donor. Type AB is the only blood type that can safely receive blood from any donor.

Front 43

A renal corpuscle consists of:
(a) a glomerulus and peritubular capillaries
(b) a renal tubule and Bowman's capsule
(c) a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
(d) a renal tubule and peritubular capillaries

Back 43

(c)

Front 44

The kidneys are located behind the:
(a) renal artery
(b) peritoneum
(c) spinal column
(d) renal vein

Back 44

(b)

Front 45

The cavity within the kidney that collects urine is the:
(a) renal pelvis
(b) urinary bladder
(c) ureter
(d) renal vein

Back 45

(a)

Front 46

The renal vein takes blood from the kidney to the:
(a) abdominal aorta
(b) renal artery
(c) superior venacava
(d) inferior venacava

Back 46

(d)

Front 47

All of these are parts of the renal tubule except:
(a) loop of Henle
(b) glomerulus
(c) proximal convoluted tubule
(d) distal convoluted tubule

Back 47

(b)

Front 48

The process of glomerular filtration takes place from the:
(a) glomerulus to Bowman's capsule
(b) renal tubule to peritubular capillaries
(c) Bowman's capsule to glomerulus
(d) peritubular capillaries to renal tubule

Back 48

(a)

Front 49

Renal filtrate differs from blood plasma in this way:
(a) only waste products are present in filtrate
(b) there are no nutrients in filtrate
(c) there is more protein in filtrate
(d) there are no blood cells in filtrate

Back 49

(d)

Front 50

Urea is a nitrogenous waste product that comes from the metabolism of:
(a) nucleic acids
(b) muscle tissue
(c) amino acids
(d) carbohydrates

Back 50

(c)

Front 51

Normal values for daily urinary output and pH of urine might be:
(a) 2.5 liters/pH 3.0
(b) 4.0 liters/pH 6.5
(c) 2.0 liters/pH 9.0
(d) 1.5 liters/pH 6.0

Back 51

(d)

Front 52

The kidneys are protected from mechanical injury by the:
(a) pelvic bone and smooth muscle
(b) smooth muscle and the ribcage
(c) adipose tissue and the pelvic bone
(d) rib cage and adipose tissue

Back 52

(d)

Front 53

The hormone that lowers blood glucose level by enabling cells to take in glucose is:
(a) glucagon
(b) cortisol
(c) insulin
(d) growth hormone

Back 53

(c)

Front 54

The hormone that increases the rate of cell division is:
(a) thyroxine
(b) calcitonin
(c) insulin
(d) growth hormone

Back 54

(d)

Front 55

The two hormones that regulate blood calcium levels are:
(a) insulin and glucagon
(b) parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
(c) calcitonin and growth hormone
(d) parathyroid hormone and thyroxine

Back 55

(b)

Front 56

The hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary gland:
(a) oxytocin
(b) estrogen
(c) progesterone
(d) prolactin

Back 56

(d)

Front 57

The hormone that causes strong contraction of the uterus during labor is:
(a) estrogen
(b) prolactin
(c) oxytocin
(d) progesterone

Back 57

(c)

Front 58

Pituitary dwarfism results from:
(a) hyposecretion (decreased level) of growth hormone
(b) hypersecretion (overproduction) of growth hormone
(c) increased thyroxine levels
(d) a high blood glucose

Back 58

(a)

Front 59

Graves' disease is the result of:
(a) overproduction of growth hormone
(b) hypersecretion of thyroxine
(c) hypersecretion of calcitonin
(d) none of these

Back 59

(b)

Front 60

A deficiency of insulin or in its functioning is called:
(a) Graves' disease
(b) Giantism
(c) Diabetes mellitus
(d) Cushing's Syndrome

Back 60

(c)

Front 61

Type I diabetes is characterized by:
(a) a deficiency of insulin receptors on cell membranes
(b) ketoacidosis
(c) an increase of oxytocin release
(d) destruction of beta cells of the pancreas

Back 61

(d)

Front 62

Type II diabetes is characterized by:
(a) a deficiency of insulin receptors on cell membranes
(b) ketoacidosis
(c) an increase of oxytocin release
(d) destruction of beta cells of the pancreas

Back 62

(a)