Essentials Of Human Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1

Front 1

Medial

Back 1

Toward the midline of the body.

Front 2

Sagittal section

Back 2

A longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.

Front 3

Buccal

Back 3

Pertaining to the cheek.

Front 4

Endocrine System

Back 4

Body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones.

Front 5

Distal

Back 5

Away from the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.

Front 6

Brachial

Back 6

Pertaining to the arm.

Front 7

Frontal (coronal) section

Back 7

Longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Front 8

Physiology

Back 8

Study of the function of living organisms.

Front 9

Effector

Back 9

Organ, gland, or muscle capable of being activated by nerve endings.

Front 10

Abdomen

Back 10

Portion of the body between the diaphragm and the pelvis.

Front 11

Organism

Back 11

The living animal (or plant), which represents the sum total of all its organ systems working together to maintain life.

Front 12

Lateral

Back 12

Away from the midline of the body.

Front 13

Excretion

Back 13

Elimination of waste products from the body.

Front 14

Axilla

Back 14

armpit.

Front 15

Urinary system

Back 15

System primarily responsible for water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and removal of nitrogenous wastes.

Front 16

Gland

Back 16

Organ specialized to secrete or excrete substances for further use in the body or for elimination.

Front 17

Atom

Back 17

The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means.

Front 18

Midsagittal (median) section

Back 18

Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.

Front 19

Negative feedback mechanisms

Back 19

The most common homeostatic control mechanisms. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Front 20

Transverse (horizontal) section

Back 20

A plane running from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

Front 21

Receptor

Back 21

(1) A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli. (2) Molecule that binds specifically with other molecules e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, antigens.

Front 22

Anterior

Back 22

The front of an organism, organ, or part; the ventral surface.

Front 23

Inguinal

Back 23

Pertaining to the groin region.

Front 24

Homeostasis

Back 24

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.

Front 25

Carpal

Back 25

One of the eight bones of the wrist.

Front 26

Thoracic

Back 26

Refers to the chest.

Front 27

Muscular system

Back 27

The organ system consisting of the skeletal muscles of the body and their connective tissue attachments.

Front 28

Organ system

Back 28

A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; e.g., the nervous system.

Front 29

Organ

Back 29

A part of the body formed of two or more tissues and adapted to carry out a specific function; e.g., the stomach.

Front 30

Cranial

Back 30

Pertaining to the skull.

Front 31

Hypothalamus

Back 31

Region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain.

Front 32

Skeletal system

Back 32

System of protection and support composed primarily of bone and cartilage.

Front 33

Cell

Back 33

The structural and functional unit of living organisms; contains a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.

Front 34

Tarsal

Back 34

One of the seven bones that form the ankle and heel.

Front 35

Ventral

Back 35

Pertaining to the front; anterior.

Front 36

Proximal

Back 36

Toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a structure.

Front 37

Tissue

Back 37

A group of similar cells (and their intercellular substance) specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types of the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Front 38

Inferior (caudal)

Back 38

Pertaining to a position near the tail end of the long axis of the body.

Front 39

Irritability

Back 39

Ability to respond to a stimulus.

Front 40

Positive feedback mechanisms

Back 40

Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.

Front 41

Anatomy

Back 41

Study of the structure of living organisms.

Front 42

Cervical

Back 42

Refers to the neck or the necklike portion of an organ or structure.

Front 43

Lymphatic system

Back 43

System consisting of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs and tissues; drains excess tissue fluid from the extracellular space and provides a site for immune surveillance.