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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the skeletal system composed of?
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1. Bones; 2.Joints; 3. Cartillage; 4. Ligaments
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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Support body weight; Protect soft organs; Enables body movement; & contains bone marrow
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What are the sizes and shapes of bones?
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1. Long; 2. Short; 3. Flat; 4. Irregular
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What are the two types of bone?
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1. Compact/Hard; 2. Spongy/Soft
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What are the characteristics of a Compact bone?
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1. Osteons; 2. Shaft - Long bones
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What are the characteristics of a Spongy bone?
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1. Trabecular plates; 2. Swiss cheese; 3. Bone Marrow
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Name the parts of a long bone?
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1. Diaphysis; 2. Epiphysis; 3. Epiphyseal disc; 4. Medullary cavity; 5. Endosteum; 6. Periosteum; 7. Articular cartillage; 8. Marrow
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What are the two types of Ossification?
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1. Intramembranous ossification; 2. Endochondral Ossification
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What is the Intramembranous Ossification?
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A. Replacement of thin connective tissue membrane with bone; B. Found in flat bones (FOUND ONLY IN THE HEAD)
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What is the Endochondral Ossification?
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A. Replacement of fetal cartilage skeleton with bone; B. In long, irregular or short bones (FOUND EVERYWHERE ELSE OTHER THEN HEAD)
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How do bones grow taller?
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Osteoblasts invade cartilage in disc; mature into osteocytes (bones)
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Name the FOUR bone cells
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1. Osteogenic Cell (developps into); 2. Osteoblasts; 3. Osteocytes; 4. Osteoclasts
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What is the function of osteoblasts?
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Bone builder - forms the bone
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What is the function of osteocytes?
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maintains bone tissue
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What is the function of osteoclasts?
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breakdown of bone extracellular matrix (breakdown of bone to make room for more)
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What is bone growth?
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A. Bone tissue deposited on the outer surface of the bone; B. Bone tissue medullary cavity resorbed
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How do bones get wider?
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A. Osteoclasts hollows the bone (being the sculptor) B. Osteoblasts deposits bone on outer surface (being the builder) C. Osteoclastic activity is called resorption
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What is bone remodeling?
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Replacement of old (or injured) bone tissue with new bone tissue
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Explain the process of bone remodeling?
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1. Osteoclasts attaches to the bone surface, acid dissolve bone minerals, tunnel is formed, calcium enters cell via endocytosis and exit into bloodstream via exocytosis, then leave the bone; 2. Osteoblasts move in to rebuild the bone in the area
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What types of fracture can occur with the bone?
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A. Simple; B. Compound; C. Greenstick (children only)
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What is the difference between a simple and compound break?
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A. Compound - gets out of the skin; B. Simple - remains in the skin
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Describe bone marking of a condyle:
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Large Knob
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Describe bone marking of a epicondyle:
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enlargement near a condyle
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Describe bone marking of the head of a bone:
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Enlarged, rounded end
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Describe the bone marking of a facet on a bone:
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Small flattened surface
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Describe the bone marking of a crest on a bone:
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Ridge like (appears like mountain type)
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Describe the bone marking of a spine on a bone: |
Sharp projection
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Describe the bone marking of a tuberosity:
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Knoblike projection
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Describe the bone marking of a trochanter:
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Large tuberosity only only on a femur
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Describe the bone marking of a foramen:
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opening, usually passage for nerves, blood vessels and ligaments
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Describe the bone marking of a fossa:
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Groove
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Describe the bone marking of a meatus:
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tunnel or tubelike passageway
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Describe the bone marking of a sinus:
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cavity or a hallow space (smaller then a foramen however almost same)
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What does the AXIAL skeletion composed of?
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A. Skull; B. Hyoid (next to your adam apple); C. Vertebral column; D. Thoracic Cage
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Name the bones of the Skull:
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A. Cranial; B. Facial; C. Middle ear bone;
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Relevant Surface Landmarks of the skull: find these land marks: |
1. Frontal; 2. Parietal; 3. Temporal; 4. Occipital; 5. Mastoid process; 6. Occipital protuberance; 7. Zygomatic Bone; 8. Maxilla; 9. Mandible; 10. Tempromandibular Joint
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Name the Paranasal Sinuses
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1. Frontal; 2. Ethmoidal; 3. Sphenoidal; 4. Maxillary
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What are fontanels?
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Soft spots in a babies skull; which hasn't formed to bone
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Name the sections of the vertebral column
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1. Cervial 2. Thoracic 3, Lumbar 4, Sacrum & Coccyx
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Name the curves in the vertebral column
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1. Cervial 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral
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What does a lordosis do in a vertebral column and which parts apply?
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It curves in. A. Cervical & Lumbar
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What does a kyphosis do in a vertebral column and which parts apply?
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It curves out (sticks out). A. Thoracic & Sacrum
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How many bones in the cervial vertebral?
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Seven
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How many bones in the thoracic vertebral?
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Twelve
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How many bones in the Lumbar vertebral?
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Five
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How many bones in the sacrum vertebral?
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Five fused together
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How many bones in the coccyx vertebral?
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Three to Five fused together
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What are the components to the thoracic cage?
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A. Sternum; B. Ribs; C. Thoracic vertebral
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How many ribs are there?
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A. Seven true ribs; B. Five pairs of false ribs including 2 floating ribs
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What is the primary difference between true ribs and false ribs?
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True ribs = attach directly to the sternum; False ribs = do not directly attach to the sternum and some do not attach at all (rib 11 & 12)
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Name the landmarks of the thoracic cage? |
A. Xyphoid process; B. Suprasternal notch; C. Sternomanubrial joint; D. Costal angle; E. Costal margin |
