Es144 Exam 1

Front 1

According to current thinking, the big bang occurred

Back 1

13.7 billion years ago

Front 2

The San Andreas Fault

Back 2

is a continental transform fault

Front 3

Name three of James Cooks accomplishments

Back 3

1.Explored the southern ocean near antarctica

2. mapped unknown islands (including hawaii, in the Pacific)

3. measured environmental characteristics such as water temperature

Front 4

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

Back 4

temperature

Front 5

What is a characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries?

Back 5

uplifted mountain ranges

Front 6

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

Back 6

the polarity of water molecules

Front 7

Deep ocean trenches are associated with

Back 7

subduction zones

Front 8

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

Back 8

high heat capacity

Front 9

Tectonic plates are pieces of the _____; that float on the more fluid _____ below

Back 9

lithosphere, asthenosphere

Front 10

The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as:

Back 10

parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges.

Front 11

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

Back 11

is a polar molecule

Front 12

The nebular hypothesis suggests that

Back 12

all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud.

Front 13

Earth is about

Back 13

4.6 billion years old.

Front 14

The surface tension of water:

Back 14

is relatively high

Front 15

Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is true?

Back 15

Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust

Front 16

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of:

Back 16

calorie

Front 17

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

Back 17

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.

Front 18

The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a

Back 18

nebula

Front 19

All of the following processes decrease the salinity of water except

Back 19

evaporation

Front 20

The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the

Back 20

differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth

Front 21

Oceanic crust is primarily

Back 21

basalt

Front 22

Earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included:

Back 22

carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, and methane

Front 23

Wegener used all of the following evidence for continental drift except

Back 23

seafloor magnetic patterns

Front 24

Current scientific knowledge indicates that the most likely origin of most of Earth's oceans was due to

Back 24

comets from outer space and water vapor released from volcanic outgassing

Front 25

Frederick Vine and Drummond Matthews determined that new ocean floor was being produced at ocean ridges by examine:

Back 25

the magnetic pattern of rocks on the seafloor

Front 26

The first scientific voyage was

Back 26

the Cook Expedition

Front 27

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a

Back 27

divergent plate boundary

Front 28

Deep ocean trenches are associated with

Back 28

subduction zones

Front 29

Name three mechanisms discussed for plate movement

Back 29

slab suction

ridge push

conveyor belt

Front 30

The first navigators used what for navigation?

Back 30

swells, stick charts, and reflection of islands in the clouds

Front 31

The hydrogen atoms on a water molecule are separated by

Back 31

105 degrees

Front 32

An isotope has the same number of ____, but a different number of _____

Back 32

protons, neutrons

Front 33

Divergent plate boundaries lead to

Back 33

new sea floor

Front 34

Average ocean salinity is about

Back 34

35 /1000

Front 35

Isostatic rebound is the ____ movement of the crust

Back 35

vertical

Front 36

The movement of continental plates is caused by

Back 36

convection

Front 37

As you move away from a mid-ocean ridge the ocean floor gets

Back 37

older, more dense, with more sediment

Front 38

Convergent boundaries occur between

Back 38

ocean and continent,

ocean and ocean,

continent and continent

Front 39

The Azoics Theory said that there was no life

Back 39

in the deep ocean (>550m)

Front 40

____% of water is in the ocean

Back 40

97%

Front 41

Pick the correct order of explorers from earliest to most recent:

Back 41

Polynesians, Vikings, Challenger Expedition

Front 42

The sea floor is only:

Back 42

180 million years old

Front 43

The heavy elements (C, N, P, etc.) on earth came from

Back 43

stellar nucleosynthesis

Front 44

How are the oxygen and hydrogen bonded together in a water molecule?

Back 44

covalent bonds

Front 45

The Polynesians began exploring the oceans approximately

Back 45

30,000 years ago

Front 46

The longest mountain chain on earth

Back 46

is underwater

Front 47

The elements needed for life are

Back 47

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Front 48

Divergent plate boundaries occur:

Back 48

between ocean and ocean crust and between continental and continental crust

Front 49

The seafloor acts a geological "tape recorder" recording

Back 49

magnetic patterns in the crust

Front 50

T/F

On average plates move 1-5 cm

Back 50

false, 2-12

Front 51

TF

Harry Hess first developed the idea of continental drift.

Back 51

False, Wegener did

Front 52

Hermit crabs change houses when new ones become available

Back 52

true

Front 53

Sediment on the ocean floor is most thick at mid-ocean ridges

Back 53

False, at the edges of continents

Front 54

The boundary layer between the upper mantle and the crust is called the SOHO

Back 54

false, MOHO

Front 55

Increased pressure does not impact melting point

Back 55

False, it raises the melting point

Front 56

The history of plate movement is recorded in the magnetic signature of ocean crust

Back 56

True

Front 57

Zheng He discovered how to cure and prevent scurvy before James Cook

Back 57

True

Front 58

Our planet is the only planet with a magnetic field

Back 58

False, other planets have one too

Front 59

The inner core of Earth is liquid

Back 59

False, it is solid