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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Globalization
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increased intensity of the flows of people, goods, and capital across political boundaries
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components of globalization
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promotion of free market forces
- lowering trade barrier - privatize public sector enterprise -withdraw of state intervention in commidty production -nuturing of liberal-democratic institutions -supranational coordination of global teade/ development policies through international institutions -competition for foreign investment -emphasis on aggregate income growth |
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absolute advantage
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one country with less resources can produce at same rate
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comparative advantage
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mutually benefit one another
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globalization historically
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1800: Ellis Island, moreexporting
Post WW1: insularization opposite of globalization wantto be isolated pear hardbor now higher than ever |
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structure of trade
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resource curse: high natural resources/ lower quality of life
manufactured goods: 80% of exports -primary commodities are much smaller proportion causes: change in trade barriers in developed world: improve investment climate, better education major implications in terms of how wealth generated from trade |
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The good of globalization
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goods/people can travel easily and fast
-over wealth increase -spread tech and edu -cultural barriers reduce -interdependence of nation-state increase -developed countries can more easily invest in developing ones - increased flexibility of corporations ot operate across borders -enviro protection in dev. countries increase -more opportunties for green market in dev. countries |
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the bad of globalization
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-growing disparities between rich and poor
- increased likelihood of economic disruption in one nation effecting ll nations - greater risk of disease being transported between nations - WTO infringe on national/ individual sovereignty -increase spread of invasive species -rising rate of explotation of resource -increase carbon footprint -race to the bottom |
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Globalization and Poverty
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less number of poor people since 1980
1.8-2.8 bill live on less than $1-2 per day - becomes more of a complex system: improved communication result in relative deprivation -able to see what other peole have -start to feel inferiortity relative to what others have: increasing interdependence |
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globalization and environmnet
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countries that benefit most from globalization are the most enivornmentally sound
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environmental problems with globalization
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collapse of global fisheries
-increased carbon emissions as countries industrialize -accelerate deforestation -race to the bottom |
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United Nations Environ Program
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-sustainable development
-help dev. countries to make sound environ policies -international environ guidelines and treaties -outreach and research IPCC |
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World Bank
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purse strings for development
$25 bill in loans ---1945 after WWII ---funded b 40 countries goal: eliminate poverty and promote sustainable development -development projects to benefit poorest people in poorest countries -build dams, irrigation infrastrucutre -criticized for funding unsustainables and putting too many strings on loans |
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European union
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make laws that apply to all members of the european union
- new members haveto harmonize uo - an influence world wide practices: seafood standards) - prevent trade barriers sometimes coflict with environ standards |
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WTO
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promite free trade
"fair playing field" can impose financial penalties for violation think envirro laws are unfair barriers to trade |
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Brazil and Venezuela Oil and WTO
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1995: EPA issue regulations about cleaner burning gas in US citiies
- Brazil and Venezuela say new rules discriminate against petroleum they give to US (not burned cleanly) WTO Agree: at environ cost, remove trade barrier |
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NGOS
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nature conservancy
WWF Conservation International |
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shrimp issue
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fuel ec. growth in Thailand and SE Asia
Huge areas of degraded ponds US consume tons of it |
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Shell and Oganiland
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Niger River delta: massive oil and natural gas deposit
shell exploit it in 56: pump over 600 million barrels $30 bill dollars no enviro concern |
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Ken Saro Wiwa
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demand reparations to Ogoni people for oil damages and also political autonomy
HUNG in 95 |
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Shell Oil extraction
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1975-1995: 800 spills
natural gas burned because of no martket Ogani have few roads, poor quality of life |
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Shell Oil boycott
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Shell get out of Ogoni
denies responsbility support edu and hospitals not enough |
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Love Canal
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William love build canal to produce hydroelectric power to house
1910-open ditch 1920-53 Hooker Chemical company use as waste disposal sight 1953: Hooker sell it and cover with top soil |
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love canals 1950s
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100 homes and school built on site
chemicals leached into groundwater and soil -high birth defects ill children |
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love canal 198
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gov force people to move out
busness shoudl bear responsibility of results of past action dont have to pay for it |
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Bhopal
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1984 leak of cyanide gal kill locals
-no warning 20,000 killed still pollution problems today |
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UCC
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company at fault
really underpay victims only get about $500 |
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1999 Bhopal and DOW
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dow buys land
denies responsibility for Bhopal still contaminiated drinking water |
