201 Occupational Therapy Across The Lifespan

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The developmental stages of a typical lifespan

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infancy, childhood, adolescence, young and middle adulthood, late adulthood

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Infancy

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birth thru 1 year. where focus is growth and early development

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Childhood

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Early childhood 1 to 6 years of age. Focus on growth and refinement.
Later childhood/ School-aged 6 to 12 years old. Focus on growth and refinement

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Adolescence

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12 to 20 years of age. Develop sense of self and independence.

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Young and Middle Adulthood

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Young 20 to 40 years. Focus- education or other work requirements for establishing a career
Middle adulthood- 40 to 65 years. where they have established a career or job. may change or seek new careers

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Late Adulthood

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40 to 65 years. where focus is reflection and retirement

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Diagnoses for infancy

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Birth trauma, diseases, genetic conditions (downs syndrome, spina bifida, Erb's palsy, and others, may have developmental delays, cardiac difficulties, and intellectual delays (MR)
Cerebral palsy, developmental delays, failure to thrive, head injury, hiv, congenital anomlys (cleft palate, extremity anomalies)

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Do occupational therapist treat the disabilities in infants

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no, but they work with the families, infants, and caregivers to help the child function at the highest level possible.

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Settings

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neonatal
hospitals (inpatient/outpatient)
early intervention programs
homehealth agencies

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medical care is primary here, OT focuses on feeding skills, positioning and handling, splint, parent education ( how to hod, handle, calm, and feed their infant), and reflex developmental/conrol

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neonatal intensive care unit

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varies dependent upon the reason for hospitalization; may include working toward developmental milestones during a debiliatating disease, maybe working on correcting a deformity due to an injury , or working on motor/cognitive/ social/etc. skills following an injury or illness

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hospitals (inpatient/ outpatient)

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for children 0-3 years of age, working on family goals and achievement of developmental milestones- work closely with caregivers/family (may also work with parents on how to hold, handle, calm, and feed their infant. These skills are important in any setting when working with infants and children)

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early intervention programs

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any of the above based on the need or reason for refferal. May be seen at home because they are too medically compromised or fragile to atten ourpatient sessions or leave the safety of their home environment.

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home health agencies

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Diagnosis for childhood

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1. cerebral palsy
2. autism
3. down's syndrome
4. intellectual disabilities (MR)
5. coordination disorders
6. developmental delay
7. childhood illnesses (cancer, asthma, sickle cell anemia)
8. Rare Sydromes and medical conditions (Angelman's, Tourette's, Dandy Walker-Typically will be diagnoses with CP after age 2)
9. Physical Disabilities- spinal cord injuries, head injuries, amputations, burns, orthopedic deformities
10. Behavorial and Psychological disorders- ADHD, Conduct disorder, learning disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder

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Settings children are seen in

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school systems, outpatient clinics, hospitals

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Intervention. type of treatment used with childhood

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use of play to reach
play as an end goal
school behaviors

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Adolescence is seen as a

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time of turmoil in which a person tries to develop a sense of self, search for one's identity, and deal with peer pressure.

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occupations for adolescence

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education, leisure, searching for one's identity and work.

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diagnosis for adolescence

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hospitals
day treatment centers
school systems
rehabilitation centers

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intervention

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must set firm yet fair limits

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young and middle adulthood

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generally a time of achievement

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diagnosis for young and middle adulthood

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physical illness (heart disease and neurological impairments)
orthapedic disabilities (arthritis, bone disease, fractures
psychological disturbances/ psychatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar, borderline, ocd)
unhealthy life choices that effect their occupaitonal performance (obesity, substance abuse and others)
Physical or Psychological Trauma

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settings for young and middle adulthood

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hospitals, rehab centers, outpatient clinics, home health, work setting, psychatric hospitals or day centers