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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name four facultatively anaerobic enterobacteria normally found in the intestines.
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Escherichia
Klebsiella Proteus Morganella |
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Define GASTRITIS, GASTROENTERITIS, and COLITIS
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GASTRITIS: inflam of stomach, pain in upper abd. and bleeding
GASTROENTERITIS: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abd crmps COLITIS: Colon, Damage to intestinal wall, stool c/ blood/mucus |
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Name the organism that causes TYPHOID FEVER.
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Salmonella typhi
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What are the Sx of Salmonella typhi?
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High fever s/ diarrhea, constipation, tired confused, headaches
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How does one become a carrier of Salmonella typhi?
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Colonization of the gall bladder
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Which species generally cause Salmonellosis? How do you aquire these?
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S. enteriditis, S. choleraesuis
Usually consuming contamintaed poultry, eggs, and dairy |
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What are the most common species that cause shigellosis?
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Shigella dysentariae
S. sonnei S. flexnerii |
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How is shigellosis transmitted?
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Fecal-oral route; live on long time on fomites
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What are the virulence factors of Shigella?
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Adhesions: attach to colon cell
Escapes phagocytosis Shiga toxin |
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What is the tx of Shigella?
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Fluid therapy
Cephalosporin |
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What lab tests are used to distinguish b/t enteric bacteria?
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Differenatial mediums: MacConkey
Carbohydrate fermentation Other: H2S, Citrate, Indole, Urea |
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How are Vibrio species distinguished from Enterobacteria? How is there shape distinct? Where is it found?
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OXIDASE +
Curved, gram negative bacilli Estuarine/marine environments |
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What are the two main virulence factos of Vibrio cholera? What is the mechanism of the toxin?
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Cholera Toxin & Adhesions (tcp)
Binds to GM1 receptors in intestine->A subunit internalized->activated adenylate cyclases->cAMP |
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What are the characteristic sx of cholera?
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Sudden nausea, vomiting, abd pain, diarrhea, RICE-H20 stools; act on small intestine
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What is the tx for Cholera?
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IV fluids
Oral 2% glucose Antibiotics: cephalosporins Vaccines: killed bacteria |
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What type of disease is caused by V. parahaemolyticus? How is it transmitted?
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Self-limiting, Explosive, Watery Diarrhea
Eating raw/imporperly cook seafood |
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What type of infections are caused by V. vulnificus? How is it transmitted?
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Gangrenous wounds, gastroenteritis
Ingestion of raw osyters, open wounds |
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What is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the US?
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Camplyobacter
g- bacilli, comma shaped |
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What are the reservoirs for C. jejuni? How are they acquired?
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zoonotic, usually poultry
infected from contaminated food/water |
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Which organism cause peptic ulcers?
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Helicobacter pylori
spiral, gram negative bacilli |
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What are H. pylori's virulence factors?
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Urease
HspB Adhesions Flagella |
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What is an non-invasive dx tool used to dx H. pylori?
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Urea breath test
Ureases hydrolyzes urea, releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide. |
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What are two viral causes of gastroenteritis? What are the txs available?
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Rotavirus (rehydradation)
Norovirus (self-limiting) |
