Ent: Basics

Front 1

anosmia

Back 1

inability to smell

Front 2

otorrhea

Back 2

fluid discharge from ear

Front 3

dysphagia

Back 3

difficulty swallowing

Front 4

odynophagia

Back 4

painful swallowing

Front 5

globus

Back 5

sensation of a lump in the throat

Front 6

otalgia

Back 6

ear pain (often referred from throat)

Front 7

trismus

Back 7

difficulty opening mouth

Front 8

CN I-XII

Back 8

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

Front 9

motor/sensory actions of CN I-VI

Back 9

I- smell; II- sight (sensory pupil rxn); III- eyeball mvmt, pupil sphincter, ciliary muscle (motor pupil rxn); IV- superior oblique muscle mvmt; V- motor: chewing (masseter), sensory: face, teeth, sinuses, cornia; VI- lateral rectus muscle (lateral gaze)

Front 10

motor/sensory actions of CN VII-XII

Back 10

VII- motor: facial muscles, lacrimal/sublingual/submandibular glands, sensory: anterior tongue/soft palate, taste; VIII- hearing, positioning; IX- motor: stylopharyngeus, parotid, pharynx, sensory: post tongue, pharynx, middle ear; X- motor: vocal cords, heart, bronchus, GI tract, sensory: bronchus, heart, GI tract, larynx, ear; XI- trapezius, SCM; XII- tongue mvmt, strap muscles (ansa cervicalis branch)

Front 11

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 11

1. ophthalmic, 2. maxillary, 3. mandibular

Front 12

what happens when the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is cut?

Back 12

when the patient sticks out the tongue, it deviates to the same side as the injury (wheelbarrow effect)

Front 13

name the duct of the submandibular gland

Back 13

wharton's duct

Front 14

name the duct of the parotid gland

Back 14

stensen's duct

Front 15

what is the source of blood supply to the nose?

Back 15

1. internal carotid artery: anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries via ophthalmic artery; 2. external cartoid artery: superior labial artery (via facial artery) and sphenopalatine artery (via internal maxillary artery)

Front 16

name the 3 bones that make up the posterior nasal septum

Back 16

1. ethmoid (perpendicular plate) 2. vomer (latin for plow) 3. palatine (some also include maxillary crest)

Front 17

name the 7 bones of the boy eyeball orbit

Back 17

frontal, zygoma, maxillary, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, sphenoid

Front 18

name the 4 strap muscles

Back 18

TOSS: thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid

Front 19

which muscle crosses the external and internal carotid arteries?

Back 19

digastric muscle

Front 20

in a neck incision, what is the 1st muscle incised?

Back 20

platysma

Front 21

which nerve supplies the strap muscles?

Back 21

ansa cervicalis (XII)

Front 22

what are the anterior and posterior neck triangles?

Back 22

2 regions of the neck, divided by the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Front 23

name the 3 auditory ossicle bones

Back 23

1. malleus (hammer) 2. incus (anvil) 3. stapes (stirrup)

Front 24

which nerve runs with the carotid in the carotid sheath?

Back 24

vagus

Front 25

which nerve crosses the internal carotid artery at ~1-2cm above the bifurcation

Back 25

hypoglossal nerve

Front 26

what comprises the middle ear?

Back 26

eustachian tube, ossicle bones, tympanic membrane (ear drum), mastoid air cell

Front 27

what comprises the inner ear?

Back 27

cochlea, semicircular canals, internal auditory canal

Front 28

most common cause of croup

Back 28

parainfluenza virus

Front 29

most common cause of otitis externa

Back 29

pseudomonas

Front 30

most common cause of epiglottitis

Back 30

h. influenzae

Front 31

most common cause of malignant otitis externa

Back 31

pseudomonas

Front 32

most common cause of parotitis

Back 32

staphylococcus

Front 33

most common cause of acute suppurative otitis media

Back 33

s. pneumoniae (33%)