Enriched History Terms

Front 1

Imperialism

Back 1

quest for colonial empires

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Homestead Act

Back 2

(1862) law to encourage settlement in the Est by giving government-owned land to small farmers

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Rough Riders

Back 3

U.S. cavalry unit in the Spanish-American war led by Theodore Roosevelt

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Reparations

Back 4

Payments for damages and expenses in war

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Federal Reserve Act

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(1913) Act that created a national banking system to help the government control the economy

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Laissez-faire Capitaism

Back 6

Theory that opposes government regulation of economic matters

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Gilded Age

Back 7

name applied by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner to late 1800s America to describe the corruption and greed that lurked below the surface of society

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Arbitration

Back 8

process by which 2 opposing sides allow a third party to settle a dispute

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16th Amendment

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Congress could levy taxes based on an individual's income

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18th Amendment

Back 10

barred manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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Progressive Party

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Bull Moose Party; reform party that ran Theodore Roosevelt for president in 1912

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Open Door Policy

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(1899) Declaration made by Security of State John Hay that stated that all nations should have equal access to trade and investment in China

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Palmer Raids

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(1919-20) raids ordered by U.S. attourney gerneral A. Mitchell Palmer on suspected radical organizations

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Flappers

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young women in the 1920's who challenged social traditions with dress and behavior

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Shantytowns

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collections of makshift shelters build by homeless people

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Isolationism

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National policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other nations

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Model T

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Low-cost automobile developed by Henry Ford in 1908

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Volstead Act

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(1919) Federal law that enforced the 18th amendment (prohibition)

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Sacco and Vanzetti

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accused of killing a man, controversy because they were Italian Separatists

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Good Neighbor Policy

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President Franklin D. Roosevelt's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America mutual respect

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Selective Training and Service Act

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required that men between the ages 21 and 30 register with local draft boards

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Rosie the Riveter

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A promotion for women to work during World War II while men were at war

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Genocide

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Deliberate annihilation of an entire people

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Manhattan Project

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Secret U.S. project begun in 1942 to develope an atomic bomb

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Cold War

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(1945-91) Long power struggle between the U.S. and S.U.; waged mostly on economic and political fronts, rather than on the battlefield

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Brown v. Board of Education

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(1954) Supreme Court case that declared "separate but equal" public schools unconstitutional

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Marshall Plan

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European Recovery Program; U.S. program of giving to European coutnries

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

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Law banning racial discrimination in the use of public facilities and in employment places

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Doves

Back 29

Americans who opposed the Vietnam War

Front 30

Vietnamization

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Policy followed by the Nixon administration of gradually turning over all the fighting in the Vietnam War to the South Vietnamese Army

Front 31

Domino Theory

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Cold War belief that if one nation in Southeast Asia fell to Communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would also fall

Front 32

Bay of Pigs

Back 32

uprising led by Fidel Castro to overthrow the Cuban dictator

Front 33

Opreation Rolling Thunder

Back 33

U.S. bombing campaign during the Vietnam War

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Agent Orange

Back 34

A widely used chemical in the bombing and destruction of the Vietcong

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Convoy System

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use of armed vessels to escort unarmed merchant vessels transporting troops, supplies, or volunteers through the North Atlantic during WWI

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Cluster bombs

Back 36

bombs used during the Vietnam War that had shards of glass and sharp objects that were released when the bomb exploded

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Black Nationalism

Back 37

movement to create a new political state for Americans in Africa

Front 38

Defoliants

Back 38

chemicals that strip land of vegetation

Front 39

Trench Warfare

Back 39

WWI military strategy of defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches

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Communism

Back 40

political theory that proposes individual ownership should not be allowed, but rather all people should collectively own property and the means of production

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Populist Party

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People's Party; national political party formed in 1892 that supported a graduated income tax, bank regulation, gov. ownership of some companies, restrictions on immigration, shorter work days, and voting reform

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Conservation

Back 42

Gifford Pinchot's term describing the need to protect the counytry's natural environment

Front 43

17th Amenment

Back 43

gave voters power to elect their Senators directly

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19th Amendment

Back 44

granted women full voting rights

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Sphere of Influence

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region where a particular coutry has exclusive rights over mines, railroads, and trade

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Lusitania

Back 46

British passenger liner torpedoed by German U-boat

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Red Scare

Back 47

Period of anticommunist hysteria; swept the United Statesafter WWI

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Instalment Plans

Back 48

ways of purchasing goods in which the consumer pays for goods in small increments over time

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Black Tuesday

Back 49

October 29,1929; the day stock market crashed' contributed to the Great Depression

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New Deal

Back 50

President FDR's programs for helping the U.S. economy during the Great Depression

Front 51

Margin Buying

Back 51

purchasing stock with borrowedmoney

Front 52

Bonus Army

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Group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their pension bonuses

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WWII Axis Powers

Back 53

Military alliance formed by Italy and Germany in 1936; later joined by Japan

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Appeasement

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Giving in to an agressor to avoid conflict

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Battle of Iwo Jima

Back 55

(1945) 6-week struggle fo control of a key Pacific island resulted in an allied victory

Front 56

Zoot-Suit Riot

Back 56

(1943) series of attacks by U.S. sailors against Mexican Americans in Los Angeles

Front 57

Kamikaze

Back 57

Japanese suicide planes during WII

Front 58

Yalta Conference

Back 58

(1945) Meeting of FDR, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin to plan for the postwar world

Front 59

Berlin Airlift

Back 59

(1948-49) Operation in which Britain and U.S. planes carried food and supplies to West Berlin, which was cut off by a Soviet Blockade

Front 60

Truman Doctrine

Back 60

(1947) President Harry S. Truman's policy stating that the U.S. would help any country fighting against communism

Front 61

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Back 61

Law that made it a federal crime to prevent qualified persons from voting

Front 62

Hawks

Back 62

Americans who supported the Vietnam War

Front 63

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Back 63

(1964) Congressional measure that gave President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to wage war in Vietnam

Front 64

Ho Chi Minh Trail

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Network of jungle paths from Noth Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia and into South Vietnam; was the major supply route of the Vietcong

Front 65

War Powers Act

Back 65

(1973) Legislation tht reaffirmed Congress's constitutional power to declare war; set a 60-day limit on the presidential commitment of U.S. troops to foreign conflicts

Front 66

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 66

(1962) Standoff between the U.S. and S.U. in which the Soviets agreed to remove missles from Cuba if the U.S. promised not to invade the island; followed by and easing of Cold War tensions

Front 67

Ted Offensive

Back 67

(1968) Attack by North Vietnamese and Vietcong troops against South Vietnam during Vietnam war; demonstrated that North Vietnamese were still strong

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Napalm

Back 68

flammable gel used in bombs during the vietnam war