Enlightenment And Democratic Revolutions

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enlightenment

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a philosophical movement of the 18th century characterized by rationalistic methods and skeptisicm of established ideas by the church and government. It was alsoa new intellectual movement that stressed reason and though that the power of individuals to solve problems

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social contract

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an agreement between free individuals to create a government and society in which poeple hand over their rights to a strong ruler

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secular

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concerned with wordly rather than spiritual matters. People began to openly quesiton the church

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absolutism

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kings or queens that hold all the pwower in state

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philosophes

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social critics in France who believed that poeple could apply reason to all aspects of life

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popular sovreignty

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the government is subject for the good of the people

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declaration of independence

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this is a passage claimimg that all men are created equally and should have euqal rights. Among these rights are the right to life, liberty, and the puruit of happiness

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Declaration of the rights of man

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a document stating men are born and remain free and equal in rights

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declaration of rights of women

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document stating that women should be as equal as men and there is not a difference between the two

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checks and balances

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The legislative executive and judicial branch provided checks and balances to keep each other in line

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English bill of rights

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These amendments protected basic laws such as freedom of speech press assembly and religion

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Thomas Hobbes

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Believed that man is equal in his passions of partiality pride revenge and needs the fear of strong punishment if he is to follow more humane laws

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John Locke

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Believed that there should be one set of rules for both the rich and the poor. Also laws should be designed for the good of the people and taxes should not be raised without the consent of the people

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Jean Jaques Rousseau

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Believed in individual freedom that is being taken away by unjust laws and that a good government is formed by people and guided by the general will or society in direct democracy

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Baron de Montesqueie

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Believed that political power should be split between legislative executive and judicial branch so that no one has too much power

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Mary Wollestonecraft

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Believed that women are going to become as virtouus and useful as men that they need a good education. Also women should be able to participate in politics and medicine

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Cesare Beccaria

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Believed that laws and punishment should exist not to avenge crimes but to preserve social order also torture and capital punishment should be abolished

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Voltaire

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seperation of church and stae and freedom of reigion speech and tolerance

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American revolution

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Hostility because americans refused to help britain pay debts and ten they were not granted equal political rights.