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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vocal Auditory Channel
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Spoken language is produced in the vocal tract and transmitted/heard as sound, whereas sign language is produced with the hands and transmitted by light.
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Broadcast transmission and directional reception
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The audible sound of language is heard in all directions but listeners will interpret it as coming from one specific direction.
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Rapid fading
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The sound made by speech diminishes quickly after being released.
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Interchangeability
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The speaker has the ability to receive and also send the same message.
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Total feedback
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Individuals are able to hear and internalize a message they have sent.
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Semanticity
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Speech sounds can be linked to specific meanings.
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Arbitrariness
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There is no direct connection between the signal and its meaning.
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Discreteness
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Each unit of communication can be separated and unmistakable.
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Specialization
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Speech is produced for communication, not chiefly for some other function, such as echolocation.
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Displacement
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The ability to talk about things that are not physically present.
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Productivity
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The ability to create new messages by combining already-existing signs.
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Traditional transmission
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The learning of language occurs in social groups.
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Duality of patterning
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Meaningful signs (words) are made of—and distinguished from one another by—meaningless parts (sounds, letters). A finite number of meaningless parts are combined to make a potentially infinite number of meaningful utterances.
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Prevarication
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The ability to make false statements (to lie). Involves the purposeful manipulation of a given shared communication system in order to fool other members of the communicating group.
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Reflexiveness
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Language can be used to refer to (i.e., describe) itself.
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Learnability
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Speakers of one language can learn to speak another.
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