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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GASTRIN
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: "G" Cells in stomach, also called Enterrochromaffin-like cells (ELC), also by mucosal cells in duodenum
Receptor: same as CCK, gastrin's receptor is in the stomach Stimulus: mainly peptides and proteins in stomach, fatty acids too. Also vagus nerve stimulation. thoughts of food, neural reflex, protein in stomach Response: 1. parietal cells secrete HCl 2. activates histamine releasing cells 3. relaxes pyloric sphincter 4. GI growth very similar structure to CCK |
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SECRETIN
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: "S" cells between crypts in small intestine, mucosal layer
Stimulus: acid in duodenum Receptor: pancreas Response: release of bicarbonate from pancreas 1. pH regulates secretin secretion 2. neutral pH is needed for enzymes 3. intestinal mucoa cannot handle low pH |
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CCK = Cholecystokinin
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: "I" cells of duodenal, ileal and jejunal
Stimulus: 1. digested fats in duodenum 2. digested proteins in small intestine 3. acid in small intestine Receptor: release of VIP Response: 1. enzymes from pancreas 2. bile from gall bladder (relaxes sphincter of Oddi) 3. inhibits gastric emptying 4. hunger suppressant (neural) satiety very similar structure to gastrin |
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide = VIP
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: throughout digestive tract
Stimulus: fats in small intestine Receptor: many Response: 1. vasodilator (increase GI blood flow) 2. relaxes smooth muscle 3. inhibits gastric secretions 4. increases intestinal secretions 5. peristalsis |
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Gastric Inhibitory Peptide = GIP
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: "K" cells
Stimulus: fats digested in duodenum and glucose Receptor: beta cells of pancreas, and stomach Response: 1. inhibit gastric secretion 2. causes release of insulin Called: Glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide |
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Glucagon-like Peptdie (GLP)
responses to: |
-promote insulin secretion
-inhibits glucagon release processed from pro-glucagon |
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Neuropeptide Y
where is is made? what does it do? |
-made in hypothalamus
-found in digestive tract neurons, STIMULATES eating |
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Somatostatin
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
aka: Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
Where it is made: Delta cells of pancreas, stomach, sm intestine Stimulus: Receptor: Response: 1. inhibits growth hormone in AP 2. inhibits gastrin and all other digestive hormones |
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Ghrelin
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: stomach
Stimulus: low glucose Receptor: brain stem Response: 1. stimulates gastric secretions and gastrin 2. growth hormone stimulating properties 3. stimulates appetite |
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What hormones stimulate/inhibit eating?
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STIMULATE:
Neuropeptide Y Ghrelin INHIBIT: Leptin CCK alpha-MSH serotonin Norepinephrine |
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PTH
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: Parathyroid (PT cells Ca sensing cells)
Stimulus: low Ca Receptor: osteoblasts indirectly act on osteoclasts Response: 1. mobilize Ca from bone via osteoclasts 2. resorb Ca in kidney, excrete Phosphate 3. Stimulate instestin to absorb Ca Hyperparathyroidism = broken bones and kidney stones |
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CALCITONIN
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: Ca sensing cells in thyroid "C" cells
Stimulus: high Ca Receptor: osteoclasts Response: 1. inhibits Ca absorption in intestine 2. inhibits osteoclasts to prevent Ca resorption |
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Vitamin D
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7-dehydroxy cholesterol
+UV Cholecalciferol (VitD3) goes to LIVER 25-hydroxylase 25-OH-D3 = Calcidiol goes to Kidneys 1-alpha-reducatase/hydroxylase makes Calcitriol Calcitriol (active VitD) binds to VitD-R in nucleus and dimerizes with retinoic acid and transcribes genes |
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VASOPRESSIN / ADH
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus
Stimulus: increased blood osmolarity (caused by decrease in volume) Receptor: distal tubule of kidney, SEROSAL side Response: retain H2O, regulate BP |
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OXYTOCIN
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: paraventricular neurons of hypothalamus
Stimulus: suckling Receptor: mammary gland and uterus Response: 1. milk let down 2. partruition 3. sexual behaviors |
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GROWTH HORMONE = GH
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: Somatotrophs in the AP
Stimulus: Receptor: Liver cells, then use somatomedins to carry out responses IGF Response: promotes bone growth Jak/Stat |
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PROLACTIN
Where it is made: Stimulus: Receptor: Response: |
Where it is made: Lactotrophs in the AP
Stimulus: estrogen Receptor: Response: 1. milk production 2. fertility 3. bone structuring Jak/Stat |
