Endocrine System- Physiology Based

Front 1

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal gland?

Back 1

aldosterone, cortisol, androgens, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 2

What are the hormones secreted by the pituitary glands?

Back 2

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropins, prolactin, oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone

Front 3

What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

Back 3

thyroid hormone, calcitonin

Front 4

What are the hormones secreted by the pancreas?

Back 4

insulin, glucagon

Front 5

What is the hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland?

Back 5

parathyroid hormone

Front 6

What does aldosterone do?

Back 6

it regulates K+, stimulates Na+ reabsorption, stimulates water retention

Front 7

What does cortisol do?

Back 7

important in metabolism, enhances energy availability, enhanced vascular reactivity- enhances the effects of other stress hormones,

Front 8

What do androgens do?

Back 8

sexual drive, maturation of sexual organs/sexual function

Front 9

What does epinephrine do?

Back 9

Important in stress response, responds to the sympathetic nervous system

Front 10

What does growth hormone do?

Back 10

targets skeletal muscles and bones, stimulates uptake of nutrients, promotes energy metabolism

Front 11

What does thyroid stimulating hormone do?

Back 11

stimulated by SNA, stimulates the thyroid gland

Front 12

What does the adrenocorticotropic hormone do?

Back 12

stimulated by sympathetic activity in the hypothalamus, stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones to help the body resist stressors

Front 13

What are the 2 main gonadotropins and what do they do?

Back 13

follicle stimulating hormone stimulates gamete production; luteinizing hormone promotes production of gonadal hormones (estrogen, progestrone, testosterone)

Front 14

What does prolactin do?

Back 14

similar to GH, stimulates milk production, controlled by an inhibitory hormone

Front 15

What does oxytocin do?

Back 15

positive feedback, uterinecontraction, initiates labor, hormonal trigger for milk ejection, plays a role in sexual arousal, promotes nurturing behavior

Front 16

What does the antidiuretic hormone do?

Back 16

reabsorbs water, prevents wide swings in water balance, targets kidney tubules via cAMP

Front 17

What does the thyroid hormone do?

Back 17

T3- triiodothyronine ( 3 iodine molecules), T4- thyroxine (4 iodine molecule), more active from is a T3, comes from a T4, lipid soluble, stimulates protein synthesis, important for metabolism, important in maintaining blood pressure, important in regulating tissue growth and development, promotes glucose catabolism, promotes normal development of nervous in the fetus and normal function in adults,promotes normal function of the heart, promotes normal muscle development, promotes normal GI motility and tone, promotes female productive ability, promotes normal hydration and secretory activity of the skin

Front 18

What does calcitonin do?

Back 18

stimulated by excessive Ca 2+ inhibits reabsorption & osteoclast activity, stimulates Ca 2+ uptake in bone matrix

Front 19

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

Back 19

produced and released from the parathyroid, important in maintaining Ca 2+ homeostasis, PTH release is stimulated by a fall in Ca 2+, targets bones, kidneys & intestines, stimulates osteoclasts, enhances Ca 2+ reabsorption in the kidney, promotes vitamin D activation which enhances Ca 2+ absorption in the intestines, essential for transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blood clotting

Front 20

What does glucagon do?

Back 20

hyperglycemic agent, targets the liver, promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and from noncarbohydrate molecules, release of glucose to the blood by liver cells, causing blood levels to rise, occurs with a decrease in plasma glucose

Front 21

What does insulin do?

Back 21

lowers blood glucose levels, influences protein and fat metabolism, enhances membrane transport of glucose into body cells, inhibits the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, inhibits the conversion of amino acids or fats to glucose, catalyzes the oxidation of glucose for ATP production, joins glucose molecules to form glycogen, converts glucose to fat

Front 22

What is a hormone?

Back 22

chemical messengers carried by the blood that regulate the activities of cells in other areas of the body, target cells are determined by hormone-specific receptors

Front 23

What are the two classes of hormones?

Back 23

amino acid based & steroids

Front 24

What is produced in the zona glomerulosa?

Back 24

aldosterone

Front 25

What is produced in the zona fasciculata?

Back 25

cortisol and androgens

Front 26

What is produced in the adrenal medulla?

Back 26

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 27

What is secreted by the heart?

Back 27

atrial natriuretic peptide

Front 28

What is secreted by the GI tract?

Back 28

gastrin, secretin, CCK, incretins

Front 29

What is secreted by the kidneys?

Back 29

erythropoietin, renin

Front 30

What is secreted by the skin?

Back 30

cholecalciferol

Front 31

What is secreted by adipose tissue?

Back 31

leptin, resistin, adiponectin

Front 32

What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?

Back 32

increases production of salty urine, inhibits secretion of aldosterone

Front 33

What does gastrin do?

Back 33

stimulates glands to secrete HCl

Front 34

What does secretin do?

Back 34

stimulates release of bicarbonate-rich juice

Front 35

What does CCK do?

Back 35

stimulates release of enzyme rich juice, stimulates expulsion of bile

Front 36

What does erythrpoietin do?

Back 36

stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Front 37

What does leptin do?

Back 37

suppresses the appetite, increases energy expenditure

Front 38

What does renin do?

Back 38

returns blood pressure to normal