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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the endocrine system?
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-A collection of small organs scattered throughout body that release hormones.
-A chemical messaging system. |
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What is a hormone?
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-A regulatory biochemical produced in an organism and transported in the blood to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
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What are the functions of hormones?
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-Released into the blood and have physiological control over function of cells or organs.
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What are the 4 main processes regulated by hormones?
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1. Reproduction
2. Growth and development 3. Metabolism 4. Defense system |
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How is hormone release controlled?
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-Through a negative feedback system.
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Where are hormones produced?
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1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Parathyroid gland 5. Adrenal gland 6. Kidneys 7. Ovaries and testicles |
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What hormone does the hypothalamus release?
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-Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
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What is the target organ of thyroid-releasing hormone?
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-Thyroid gland
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What is the cascade of events in the thyroid axis?
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-Hypothalamus releases thyroid releasing hormone--> Pituitary
-Pituitary releases thyroid stimulating hormone --> thyroid -Thyroid releases T3 and T4 and sends negative feedback to hypothalamus to stop release of thyroid releasing hormone and stop cascade. |
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What process does the thyroid regulate?
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-Metabolism
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What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
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-Regulate blood glucose levels.
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What two hormones do the pancreas release?
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1. Insulin
2. Glucagon |
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What is the function of insulin?
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-To LOWER blood glucose levels by storing glucagon as glycogen in the cells.
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What is the function of glucagon?
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-To RAISE blood glucose levels by stimulating liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose.
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What is hyperthyroidism?
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-Excessive release of thyroid hormone by autoimmune antibodies mimicking effect of TSH.
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What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
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-Weight loss
-Staring gaze (bug eyes) -Feeling hot |
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What is a major cause of hyperthyroidism?
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-Graves disease
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What are the most common treatments for hyperthyroidism?
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-Surgery (removal of gland)
-Medicines (hormone replacement, antithyroid drugs) |
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What is hypothyroidism?
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-Too little thyroid hormone produced.
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What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
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-Weight gain
-Feeling cold -Fatigue |
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What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
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-Treatment of hyperthyroidism.
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What is the most common treatment of hypothyroidism?
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-Intake of Thyroid hormone.
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What is Cushing's Disease?
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-High levels of cortisone in blood due to malfunctioning adrenal gland.
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What are the symptoms of Cushing's Disease?
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-Moon face
-Thin limbs -Abdominal fat |
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What is common treatment for Cushing's Disease?
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-Remove or destroy tumor on adrenal gland.
-Reduction in doses of cortisone treatment. |
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What is Diabetes Type 1?
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-Lack of insulin production with raised blood glucose levels.
-No insulin produced by pancreas. |
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What are the symptoms of Diabetes Type 1?
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-Weight loss
-High blood glucose levels -Thirst -Frequency in passing urine |
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What are the long term effects of Diabetes Type 1?
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-Heart and vessel damage.
-Eye problems. |
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What is the treatment for Diabetes Type 1?
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-Insulin injections.
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What is Diabetes Type 2?
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-Reduction in insulin production, or not enough produced to satisfy needs of body.
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Who is most likely to be affected by Type 2 Diabetes?
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-People over 40.
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How is Type 2 Diabetes managed?
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-Weight reduction
-Increased exercise -Medication to lower insulin resistance |
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What are complications from Diabetes?
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-Amputations
-Heart attack -Blindness -Kidney disease -Neuropathy -Vascular Disease |
