Endocrine System

Front 1

What is the difference between neurotransmitters and hormones?

Back 1

Neurotransmitters are short lived and directly target a cell once released.

Hormones are longer lived and can last in the blood stream for days, weeks, and months.

Front 2

What types of hormones can directly enter its target cell?

Back 2

- lipid soluble hormones & thyroid gland hormones

Front 3

What types of hormones need a receptor on the outside of a target cell and cAMP and G protein as a second messenger?

Back 3

Water-soluble hormones: polypeptides, proteins, and amino acid hormones

Front 4

How do they Hypothalamus & Pituitary glands connect & communicate with each other?

Back 4

Via the infundibulum

Front 5

What is the anterior lobe of the Pituitary gland called?

Back 5

Adenohypophysis

Front 6

What is the Inferior lobe of the Pituitary gland called?

Back 6

Neurohypophysis

Front 7

What is the Hypothalamus' function?

Back 7

* controls the Pituitary Gland*

Monitors chemical & physical characteristics of the blood:

Temperature change

Blood pressure change

Nutrient, hormone, and water content

Front 8

What hormones does the Hypothalamus secrete? What do they all target?

Back 8

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

Growth Hormone Inhibitory Hormone (somatostatin)

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

Gonadotropinn Releasing Hormone

Prolactin (dopamine) Releasing Hormone

Prolactin Inhibitory Hormone

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

Target: Anterior Pituitary

Front 9

What are the Tropic hormones and What do they come from?

Back 9

Tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary.

Thyroid stimulating hormone (Thyrotropin): causes thyroid to release thyroid hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: causes adrenal glands to secrete glucocorticoids and cortisol.

Follicle-stimulating Hormone: regulates sperm production, causes ovaries to secrete estrogen & develop follicles around oocytes.

Lutenizing Hormone: in females causes ovulation, in males stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Front 10

What hormones does the Posterior Pituitary release?

Back 10

Oxytocin: causes labor contractions.

Antidiuretic Hormone: increases water reabsorption when deyhydrated/ with blood loss.

Front 11

What are glucocorticoids and Cortisol?

Back 11

Glucocorticoids: have a direct affect on glucose metabolism.

Cortisol is the "stress hormone": it reduces inflammation, reaises blood sugar level, and inhibits histamine release.

Front 12

What are C cells, where are they located, and what do they do?

Back 12

C cells are located in the thyroid gland.

C cells release calcatonin which lowers blood Calcium levels.

Front 13

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Back 13

Parathyroid hormone: Increases blood calcium levels (via osteoclasts breaking apart compact bone cells)

Front 14

What hormones do the Adrenal Glands (of the Kidneys) secrete?

Back 14

Epinepherine (adrenaline): Sympathetic nervous system

Norepinepherine: parasympathetic nervous system

Both increase cardiac activity, blood pressire, blood glucose, and respiration.

Front 15

What hormones does the Pancreas secrete?

Back 15

Insulin (via Beta cells): Lowers blood glucose levels

Glucagon (via alpha cells): raises blood glucose levels

Front 16

What is the Thymus responsible for?

Back 16

Maturing the White blood cell, Lymphocytes, T- cells.

Front 17

What does the Pineal Gland secrete?

Back 17

Melatonin: regulates sleep, wake cycle.

Front 18

In the reproductive system, what does Inhibin do?

Back 18

Stops the release of Follicle-stimulating hormone

Front 19

In the reproductive system, what is hCG?

Back 19

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: stimulates release of estrogen and progesterone (to maintain endometrium for developing fetus)

Front 20

What does Gastrin do?

Back 20

Stimulates release of HCl and pepsinogen