Endocrine System

Front 1

The neurohypophysis secretes the following hormones except:
A. Vasopressin
B. Oxytocin
C. ADH
D. Neurophysin

Back 1

D. Neurophysin

Front 2

The bodys second great controlling system that influences metabolic activites by hormones

Back 2

Endocrine system

Front 3

Blood-borne, secreted by endocrine glands

Back 3

Hormones

Front 4

How are hormones transported?

Back 4

By the blood

Front 5

What are the 6 endocrine glands

Back 5

1. Pituitary
2. Thyroid
3. Parathyroid
4. Adrenal
5. Pineal
6. Thymus

Front 6

The endocrine functions of the pancreas

Back 6

To produce insulin and glycogen

Front 7

The exocrine functions of the pancreas

Back 7

Disgestive starting enzymes

Front 8

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Back 8

The base of the brain

Front 9

The hypothalamus has _______ functions and _______ functions

Back 9

Neural and hormone

Front 10

Long lasting chemical messages

Back 10

Hormones

Front 11

Short lasting chemical messages

Back 11

Neurotransmitters

Front 12

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids, distributed by blood

Back 12

Hormones

Front 13

Two classifications of hormones

Back 13

1. Amino acid based (peptides, proteins)
2. Cholesterol based (steroids)

Front 14

2 ways hormones alter target cell activity

Back 14

1. Via plasma membrane
2. Via nuclear receptors and gene activation

Front 15

This type of hormone is water soluble and cant cross the plasma membrane alone

Back 15

Amino-acid based

Front 16

Lipid soluble hormones

Back 16

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones

Front 17

What cellular changes can hormones do? (5)

Back 17

1. Open/close membrane channels
2. Stimulate protein synthesis
3. Activate/deactivate enzyme systems
4. Induce secretory activity
5. Stimulate mitosis

Front 18

Hormones circulate to all tissues but only activate ______ cells

Back 18

Target

Front 19

Target cells must have specific _________ to which hormones can bind

Back 19

Receptors

Front 20

Hormone released by the anterior pituitary

Back 20

ACTH

Front 21

ACTH is only found where?

Back 21

On certain cells of the adrenal cortex

Front 22

Hormone cells that are found on nearly all cells of the body

Back 22

Thyroxin (Thyroid hormone)

Front 23

Thyroxin can be found on the adrenal cortex, but ACTH is found only _____?

Back 23

In the adrenal cortex

Front 24

Titer of a hormone AKA

Back 24

Concentration of a hormone

Front 25

The two ways hormones circulate in the blood

Back 25

1. Bound to plasma proteins
2. Free

Front 26

Carriers for lipid soluable hormones are:

Back 26

Steroids and thyroid hormone

Front 27

Concentrations of circulating hormone reflect what 2 things

Back 27

1. Rate of release
2. Speed of inactivation and removal from the body by plasma enzymes, kidney and liver.

Front 28

The hormones act as a metabolic oversee-er which means?

Back 28

It deactivatse, removes things that are not active

Front 29

What are the 3 things hormones are synthesized and released in response to:

Back 29

1. Humoral Stimuli
2. Neural Stimuli
3. Hormonal Stimuli

Front 30

Blood levels of most hormones are: (2)

Back 30

1. Controlled by negative feedback systems
2. Vary only within a narrow desirable range

Front 31

If there is too much blood, mechanisms control it. Too little, mechanisms increase blood. This is an example of:

Back 31

Negative feedback system

Front 32

Which gland is responsive to Ca?

Back 32

Parathyroid hormone

Front 33

When Ca+ in blood goes down, what hormone secretes to stabalize it?

Back 33

Parathyroid

Front 34

Where are preganglionic neurons located?

Back 34

Spinal Cord

Front 35

Neural stimuli stimulates what?

Back 35

Medulla of adrenal gland

Front 36

When ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, that is an example of:

Back 36

Hormonal stimulus

Front 37

Which system can modify/overide the stimulation of endocrine glands and their negative feedback mechanisms?

Back 37

Nervous system

Front 38

Normally the endocrine system maintains blood glucose via what gland?

Back 38

Pancreas

Front 39

Insulin levels control:

Back 39

Blood sugar levels

Front 40

Glucagon controls:

Back 40

Glucose levels

Front 41

Under stress, the body needs more _____?

Back 41

Glucose

Front 42

Because the body needs more glucose when under stress, the __________ and _________ are activated to supply glucose

Back 42

Hypothalamus
Sympathetic nervous system

Front 43

ADH AKA:

Back 43

Antidiuretic hormone

Front 44

Anterior pituitary aka:

Back 44

Adenophypophysis

Front 45

Posterior pituitary aka:

Back 45

Neurohypophyisis

Front 46

Which pituitary part is an extension of the hypothalamus?

Back 46

Posterior

Front 47

Hormones that control the release of another hormone

Back 47

Tropic hormones

Front 48

Tropic hormones that are released in the adenophypophysis (4)

Back 48

1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
2. Adrenocortictropic hormone
3. Follicle stimulating hormone
4. Lutenizing hormone

Front 49

Growth hormone aka:

Back 49

Somatotropin

Front 50

The two hormones who don't have tropic hormones

Back 50

1. Growth Hormone
2. Prolactin

Front 51

Which hormone stimulates breast tissue to stimulate milk?

Back 51

Prolactin

Front 52

An arrangement of glands

Back 52

Axis

Front 53

The arangement of glands to a target cell

Back 53

1. Hypothalamus
2. Anterior Pituitary
3. Thyroid gland
4. Target cells

Front 54

What two hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in and released from the posterior pituitary

Back 54

1. ADH (Vassopressin)
2. Oxytocin

Front 55

ADH is a vasopressin which does what?

Back 55

Influences water balance

Front 56

Oxytocin does what?

Back 56

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus

Front 57

Ptocin does what after childbirth?

Back 57

Closes down the uterus

Front 58

Largest endocrine gland

Back 58

Thyroid

Front 59

Thyroid hormone consists of what two related iodine containing compounds?

Back 59

1. T4- thyroxine
2. T3- Triiodothyonine

Front 60

Follicle cells->__________->Most cells

Back 60

Thyroid hormone

Front 61

Parathyroid cells->___________->Bone

Back 61

Calcitonin

Front 62

When low blood sugar stimulates the pancreas to release glucogon, that is an example of what?

Back 62

Humoral Stimulus

Front 63

When sympathetic NS activity stimulates the adrenal medulla to release adrenalin, it is an example of:

Back 63

Neural stimulus

Front 64

Parathyroid hormone responds to what?

Back 64

Low Ca+ levels by raising it

Front 65

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Back 65

On top of kidneys

Front 66

The cortex makes:

Back 66

Steroid hormones based on cholesterol

Front 67

The adrenal cortex synthesizes and releases steroid hormones called

Back 67

corticosteroids

Front 68

What corticosteroids are produced in the Zona Glomerulosa?

Back 68

Mineralcorticoids

Front 69

Which corticosteroids are produced in the Zona fasciculata?

Back 69

Glucocorticoids

Front 70

Which corticosteroids are produced in the Zona reticularis

Back 70

Gonadocorticoids

Front 71

Makes the kidneys hold back sodium (and water)

Back 71

Aldosterone

Front 72

Where sodium goes, ______ goes.

Back 72

Water

Front 73

________ plays a role in the bodys response to stress

Back 73

Cortisol

Front 74

Glucocorticoids (cortisol) helps the body resist stress by:

Back 74

1. Keeping blood sugar levels constant
2. Mainting blood volume
3. Preventing water shift into tissue

Front 75

Cortisol provokes: (2)

Back 75

1. Formation of glucose from proteins (noncarbohydrates)
2. Rises in blood glucose, fatty acids and amino acids

Front 76

Excessive levels of glucocorticoids do what? (4)

Back 76

1. Depress cartilage and bone formation
2. Inhibit inflamation
3. Depress immune system
4. Promote changes in cardiovascular, neural and gastrointestinal function

Front 77

Most of gonadocorticoids are:

Back 77

Androgens (male sex hormones)

Front 78

Adrenal androgens contribute to:

Back 78

1. The onset of puberty
2. Appearance of secondary sex characteristics
3. Sex drive in females and males

Front 79

Adrenal medulla aka:

Back 79

Sympathetic ganglion

Front 80

______ _______ is made up of neural cells that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrin

Back 80

Adrenal Medulla

Front 81

Adrenal cortex- outside

Back 81

Adrenal medulla- inside

Front 82

Epinephrine (adrenalin): does what?

Back 82

Stimulates heart rate and increased metabolic activities

Front 83

Norepinephrine does what?

Back 83

Stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure

Front 84

Short term stress response:

Back 84

Medulla

Front 85

Long term stress response;

Back 85

Cortex

Front 86

Ductless glands

Back 86

Endocrine

Front 87

Diabetes type one is aka:

Back 87

Hyposecretion of insulin

Front 88

Diabetes type two aka:

Back 88

Hypoactivity of insulin

Front 89

High blood sugar

Back 89

Hypoglycemia