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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anterior pituitary(Adenohypophis)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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Tropic hormone Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
Tropic hormone Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormone
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Follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) |
Tropic hormone Female: stimulates development of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens , Male: stimulates seminiferous tubules of testes to secrete sperm (seminiferous tubules)
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Luteinizing hormones(LH) (Corpus luten) (Ovarian follicles ) |
Tropic hormone Female: stimulates maturation of ovarian follicle /ovum; stimulates secretion of estrogen; triggers ovulation; stimulates development of corpus luteum (luteinization) Male: stimulates interstitial cells of the testes secrete testosterone
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Growth hormone (GH) |
Stimulates growth in all organs; mobilizes nutrient molecules, causing an increase blood glucose concentration |
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Prolactin (PRL) (lactogenic hormone) |
Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and milk secretion (milk let-down) after pregnancy |
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Posterior Pituitary* (neurohypophysis) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
Stimulates retention of water by the kidneys |
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Oxytocin (OT) |
Stimulates Iuterine contractions at the end of pregnancy; Stimulates the release of milk into the breast ducts |
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Hypothalamus Releasing hormones (RHs) (several) |
Stimulate the anterior pituitary to release hormones |
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Inhibiting hormones (IHs) (several) |
Inhibit the anterior pituitary’s secretion of hormones |
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Thyroid Thyroxine (T4) more abundant and triiodothyronine (T3) More potent |
Stimulate the energy metabolism of all cells |
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Calcitonin (CT) |
Inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood calcium concentration |
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Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Stimulates the breakdown of bone; causes an increase in blood calcium concentration |
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Adrenal Cortex Mineralocorticoids (MCs): aldosterone
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Regulate electrolyte and fluid homeostasis |
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Glucocorticoids (GCs): cortisol (hydrocortisone)
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Stimulate gluconeogenesis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration; also have anti-inflammatory, anti-immunity, and antiallergy effects
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Sex hormones (androgens) |
Stimulate sexual drive in the female but have negligible effects in the male |
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Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine (Epi) (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (NR) |
Prolong and intensify the sympathetic nervous response during stress
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Pancreatic Islets
Glucagon |
Stimulates liver glycogenolysis, causing an increase in blood glucose concentration
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Insulin
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Promotes glucose entry into all cells, causing a decrease in blood glucose concentration
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Ovary
Estrogens |
Promote development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics (see Chapter 21)
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Progesterone
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Promotes conditions required for pregnancy (see Chapter 21)
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Testis
Testosterone |
Promotes development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics (see Chapter 21)
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Thymus
Thymosins |
Promote development of immune-system cells
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Placenta
Chorionic gonadotropin, estrogens, progesterone |
Promote conditions required during early pregnancy
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Pineal Gland
Melatonin |
Inhibits tropic hormones that affect the ovaries; helps regulate the body’s internal clock and sleep cycles
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Heart (Atria)
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) |
Regulates fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
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Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Ghrelin |
Affects energy balance (metabolism)
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Fat-Storing Cells
Leptin |
Controls how hungry or full we feel
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Growth hormone abnormalities Gigantism |
Produced hypersecretion Growth hormone (GH) Early years of life |
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Dwarfism |
Hyposecretion ofGrowth hormone (GH) |
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Acromegaly |
Hypersecretion of Growth hormone (GH) AFTER PUBERTY enlarge facial features |
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Thyroid hormones abnormalities Hyperthyroisdism |
Over secretion of thyroid symptom increases metabolic rate loss of weight increase appetite increase metabolic rate nutrients are metabolized in excessive rates by the cell nervous irritation protrusion of eyes |
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Hypothyroisdism |
Under secretion of thyroid hormone Symptoms low iodine intake simple goiter |
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Cretinism |
Hyposecretion of thyroid during the formative years symptoms low metabolic rate; retarded growth and sexual development; and, often, mental retardation |
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myxedema.
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deficient thyroid hormone secretion
Later in life |
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adrenal cortex 3 cell layers
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Zones adrenal cortex Hormones secreted by the three cell layers or zones of the adrenal cortex are called corticoids steroid hormones.
outer zone of adrenal cortex cells secretes hormones called mineralocorticoids (MCs). main mineralocorticoid is hormone aldosterone. 2. The middle zone secretes glucocorticoids (GCs). Cortisol is the chief glucocorticoid. 3.The innermost or deepest zone of the cortex secretes small amounts of sex hormones. Sex hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex resemble testosterone. |
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Aldosterone
chief mineralocorticoid |
mineralocorticoids help control the amount of certain mineral salts (mainly sodium chloride) in the blood
main functions increase the amount sodium/decrease the amount of potassium in the blood— influencing the kidney tubules. causes to speed up their reabsorption of sodium back into the blood so that less of it will be lost in the urine. same time, aldosterone causes tubules to increase secretion of potassium so that more of this mineral will be lost in the urine. The effects of aldosterone speed up kidney reabsorption of water. |
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Cortisol or hydrocortisone
the chief glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex. |
important role of glucocorticoids is to help maintain normal blood glucose concentration gluconeogenesis, a process in liver cells that converts amino acids or glycerol to glucose.
Glucocorticoids act increase gluconeogenesis. promote the breakdown of tissue proteins to amino acids, especially in muscle cells. Amino acids thus formed move out of the tissue cells into blood and circulate in the liver .BP BALANCE |
