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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the ten major endocrine glands
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pineal pituitary thyroid parathyroid thymus hypothalamus adrenal pancreas
ovaries testes |
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what are the six main hormones formed in the anterior pituitary?
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growth hormone (GH)
prolactin (PRL) thyrotropic hormone (TH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) |
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what are the two main hormones formed in the posterior pituitary?
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oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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what hormones are formed in the thyroid?
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thyroid hormone
calitonin |
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what hormones are formed in the adrenal cortex?
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mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids sex hormones |
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what hormones are formed in adrenal medulla?
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epinephrine
norepinephrine |
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what hormones are formed in the pancreas?
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insulin
glucagon |
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what hormones are formed in the pineal gland?
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melatonin
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what hormones are formed in the thymus?
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thymosin
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what hormones are formed in the ovaries?
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progesterone
estrogens |
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what hormones are formed in the testes?
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androgens (testosterone)
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what is a hormone?
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a chemical substance secreted by cells into the blood, that regulates the activity of other cells in the body
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what is a tropic hormone?
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hormones that control the release of other hormones
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hormone involved in regulating daily and cicadian rhythms
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melatonin
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where are hormones secreted by the hypothalumus stored and released?
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posterior pituitary
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what is the function of oxytocin?
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stimulates contraction of uterus and milk "let down" reflex
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what hormone promotes retention of water in the kidneys?
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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what hormone stimulates growth and metabolism?
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growth hormone (GH)
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what is the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
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stimulates production of ova and sperm
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what is the function of prolactin (PRL)?
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stimulates milk production
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what is the function of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
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stimulates ovaries and testes
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what is the function of thyrotropic hormone (TH)?
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stimulates thyroid
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what is the function of thyroxine and triiodothyonine?
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major metabolic hormone
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what is the function of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
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stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
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what hormone helps reduce blood calcium level?
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calcitonin
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what hormone raises blood calcium level?
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
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to prepare the body for short-term stressors by increasing blood gluclose levels and rate of metabolism
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what hormones help the body deal with long-term stressors?
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glucocorticoids
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where are androgens and estrogens formed?
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gonads and adrenal cortex
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hormonal stimulus
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endocrine organs are stimulated by other (tropic) hormones
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humoral stimulus
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endocrine organs activated by changing ion levels in the blood
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neural stimulus
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nerve sends signal to activate gland
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what hormone can raise blood pressure by increasing blood volume and causing vasopression?
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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hypocalcemic
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decreases calcium level in blood
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hypercalcemic
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increases calcium level in blood
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what two organs rest on the superior aspect of the kidneys?
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adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
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what hormones regulate electrolyte balance? where are they secreted?
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mineralocorticoids; adrenal cortex
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what hormones are secreted by the pancreas?
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insulin and glucagon
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hyperglycemic
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raises glucose levels in the blood
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hypoglycemic
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lowers glucose levels in the blood
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what endocrine gland is responsible for programming the immune system?
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thymus
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______, formed in the _____ _____, triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone.
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Luteinizing hormone; anterior pituitary
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how does calcitonin decrease blood calcium levels?
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causes calcium ions to deposit in bones
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how does parathyroid hormone increase blood calcium levels?
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stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone matrix and release calcium
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what two hormones regulate blood sugar?
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insulin and glucogon
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