Endocrine System

Front 1

General functions of endocrine system

Back 1

glands secrete their products, hormones, into bloodstream and regulate chemicals/volume of the body's internal environment. Regulate metabolism and energy hormone and regulates contraction of cardiac / smooth muscle. Maintains homeostasis

Front 2

Define and describe hormones

Back 2

Chemical messages secreted from glands. Enters the bloodstream and has an effect on target cells, tissue, organs

Front 3

Pituitary

Back 3

Located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. Inferior to the hypothalamus

Front 4

Thyroid

Back 4

Inferior in the thyroid cartilage. Anterior to traction

Front 5

Adrenals

Back 5

Superior to kidneys

Front 6

Pancreas

Back 6

Posterior and slightly inferior to stomach

Front 7

GH

Back 7

Human growth hormone. Pituitary

Front 8

TSH

Back 8

Thyroid stimulating hormone. pituitary

Front 9

ACTH

Back 9

Adrenocorticotropic hormone. Pituitary

Front 10

Thyroxine

Back 10

T3 & T4. Thyroid

Front 11

Epinephrine

Back 11

Adrenaline. Adrenal medulla

Front 12

Norepinephrine

Back 12

Noradrenaline. Adrenal medulla

Front 13

Cortisol

Back 13

Glucocorticoids. Adrenal cortex

Front 14

Glucagon

Back 14

Pancreas. Alpha cells

Front 15

Insulin

Back 15

Pancreas. Beta cells

Front 16

GH functions

Back 16

Stimulates cell growth, protein synthesis, lipolysis. Inhibits protein breakdown and glucose as fuel for metabolism.

Front 17

TSH functions

Back 17

Stimulates thyroid to secrete its hormones

Front 18

ACTH functions

Back 18

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones, specifically glucocorticoids

Front 19

Thyroxine

Back 19

T3 and T4. Regulates oxygen utilization and basal metabolic rate. Helps hGH regulate growth and development

Front 20

Epinephrine/adrenaline functions

Back 20

Fight or flight response. Increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate. Dilates respiratory passageways

Front 21

Norepinephrine / noradrenaline functions

Back 21

Increases blood glucose, increases efficiency of muscular contractions

Front 22

Cortisol functions

Back 22

Regulates metabolism, influences resistance to stress, anti-inflammatory

Front 23

Glucagon functions

Back 23

Raises blood sugar levels

Front 24

Insulin functions

Back 24

Lowers blood sugar levels

Front 25

Acromegaly

Back 25

Hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood. Bones in hands, feet, and skull thickens. Eyelids, lips, tongue enlarge. Skin thickens and develops furrows

Front 26

Cretinism

Back 26

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during fetal development. Exhibits dwarfism, typically severely handicapped

Front 27

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Back 27

Elevation of blood glucose. Autoimmune disease. Most people are born with it. Destruction of beta cells

Front 28

Diabetes mellitus type 2

Back 28

Most common type. Most individuals are overweight or obese

Front 29

Dwarfism

Back 29

Hyposecretion of hGH during childhood, slow bone growth, growth plates close early

Front 30

Gigantism

Back 30

Hypersecretion of hGH during childhood. Abnormal increase in bone length and size of other organs

Front 31

Hyperthyroidism

Back 31

Graves disease. Secretes too much thyroid hormones, weight loss, heat intolerance, shaking etc.

Front 32

Hypothyroidism

Back 32

Myxoedema, not enough thyroid hormone, bradycardia, lethargy, low body temp, weight gain

Front 33

Isthmus

Back 33

Connection point between two lobes of the thyroid gland

Front 34

Master gland

Back 34

Pituitary gland. Secretes hormones that trigger other glands to secrete their hormones