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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of connection is anterior pituitary and hypothalamus?
Control of anterior pituitary release of hormones is via what? What happens to parvicellular neurons in the median eminence? |
endocrine - connection is vascular
series of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones axons synapse on primary capillaries of hypophyseal portal system via neurohemal organ |
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Cell of origin for GH, prolactin, FSH/LH, ACTH, TSH:
Which are glycoproteins? Characteristics? |
somatotrope - GH, lactotropes - prolactin
gonadotropes - FSH, LH, corticotropes - ACTH thyrotropes - TSH TSH, FSH, LH large glycoproteins - among largest hormones known, heterodimeric proteins - common A-subunit, variable B-subunit (specificity) |
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TSH - explain process of stimulation:
TRH inhibited by: Explain role of TRH receptor in thyrotropes: |
TRH from hypothalamus - stimulated by circadian clock (released ~9pm, peak midnight), falls throughout day
T3, T4, TSH, stress, somatostatin Gq11 receptor, makes IP3/DAG, increased IC Ca++; induces transcription/translation of TSH |
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What is Kallman's syndrome?
GnRH stimulates release of what hormones? Stimulated by: Inhibited by: |
migration of neurons that produce GnRH doesn't happen --> no GnRH production --> hypogonadism, anosmia
FSH/LH time, leptin NPY, NE, testosterone, estradiol B-endorphin; GABA, dopamine, testosterone, estradiol |
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What hormone inhibits prolactin release?
Two major factors that influence prolactin secretion: Effects of prolactin binding? How is it modified? |
dopamine
suckling, TRH dimerization of 2 receptors, activates tyrosine kinase --> phosphorylation, activation, etc modified afterwards - SOCS, CIS, inhibit jak-2 |
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3 hormones that are POMC derivatives:
Control of production of ACTH: CRH is stimulated/inhibited by what? |
ACTH, MSH, endorphins
CRH stimulated - circadian influence, stress, NTS afferents inhibited - circulating cortisol levels (negative feedback) |
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2 CRH receptors:
What can ACTH be cleaved to in the intermediate lobe? B-LPH can be cleaved to what? role of B-endorphin, MSH, LPH/CLIP: |
CRH-R1 - endocrine functions, chromosome 17, GPCR
CRH-R2 - linked to anorexia in response to stress/illness; ligand may be urocortin A-MSH, CLIP G-LPH, B-endorphin B-endorphin - endogenous opioid; MSH - stimulates melanocytes; LPH/CLIP - unknown |
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Function, receptor for ACTH:
Connection between hypothalamus and posterior pituitary: Posterior pituitary hormones: |
controls release of glucocorticoids
MCR receptor - binds to MCR-1,2 to affect adrenal cortex neural ADH, oxytocin |
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Post-translational modification of peptide hormones leads to production of what?
Where is ADH(AVP) rapidly inactivated? What happens to ADH in the kidney? Vessels? |
characteristic neurophysin, the hormone, a signal peptide, ADH makes glycopeptide
liver, kidney binds to V2 - phosphorylates AQP-2, inserts into membrane, increased H2O permeability binds to V1 - vasoconstriction |
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What controls oxytocin release?
What inhibits oxytocin release? Effects? Females, males? |
tactile stimulation of nipple (suckling) --> neural reflex, increased stretching of uterus/cervix
fear, pain, noise, fever, EtOH milk expression, uterine contraction (requires estrogen) males - ejaculation? |
