Hypothalamic And Pituitary Hormones

Front 1

The hypothalamus makes and secretes hormones _______ into the general circulation

Back 1

directly

Front 2

System that consists of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream

Back 2

Endocrine system

Front 3

Secretion of endocrine hormones is regulated by what two types of feedback

Back 3

positive and negative feedback loops

Front 4

Hyposecretion (not enough secretion) of endocrine hormones is often treated by ________ ________ with these hormones

Back 4

replacement therapy with synthetic (artificial) hormones

Front 5

Hypersecretion (too much secretion) of endocrine hormones is treated by

Back 5

multiple ways

Front 6

The hypothalamus also makes and secretes ______ ______ into the portal blood

Back 6

releasing factors

Front 7

Releasing factors, made and secreted by the hypothalamus, stimulate the synthesis and secretion of what hormones

Back 7

pituitary hormones

Front 8

Does the anterior pituitary have direct neural connection?

Back 8

NO

Front 9

At the pituitary, hypothalamic hormones stimulate the release of

Back 9

hormones

Front 10

Pituitary hormone structure is typically a ______ _______ and has these two subunits

Back 10

heterodimeric glycoprotein, alpha and beta subunits

Front 11

This subunit of the PH structure is the same in LH, FSH, TSH, while this subunit differs, containing receptor binding sites

Back 11

alpha, beta

Front 12

LH and FSH are ________ that are thought to be made by the same cells

Back 12

gonadatrophs

Front 13

Nearly __% of anterior pituitary secretory cells make this hormone

Back 13

40%, growth hormone (GH)

Front 14

This hormone secretion varies with age and is secreted in pulses with highest quantities secreted at night

Back 14

growth hormone

Front 15

GH release is stimulated by this and inhibited by this

Back 15

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SST)

Front 16

This inhibits GHRH secretion

Back 16

somatostatin (SST)

Front 17

This stimulates GHRH secretion and inhibits SST

Back 17

Ghrelin

Front 18

This hormone DIRECTLY binds the GH receptor and INDIRECTLY stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factors

Back 18

growth hormone

Front 19

This receptor is a member of the cytokine receptor family because it has an extracellular binding site and an intracellular region that mediates signal transduction

Back 19

growth hormone receptor

Front 20

___ GH molecule binds ___ GHR's

Back 20

one, two

Front 21

The binding of GH to its receptors causes autophosphorylation of ___ which starts a signal transduction cascade

Back 21

JAK2 "just another kinase"

Front 22

The net results of GH binding its receptors are

Back 22

gene transcription and recruitment of IRS-1

Front 23

When is GH used as a drug

Back 23

when there is a deficiency in GH

Front 24

Hypothalamic hormones are secreted directly into

Back 24

general circulation

Front 25

"RULE OF THUMB"

Back 25

different pituitary cells make different hormones

Front 26

Bone growth, increase muscle mass and induction of IGF-1 are all physiological effects of what hormone

Back 26

growth hormone

Front 27

Many GH preparation are referred to as

Back 27

somatripin

Front 28

Does non-human GH work in humans?

Back 28

NO

Front 29

In adults, side effects for this hormone include: peripheral edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, arthralgia and myalgia
*children suffer FEW side effects

Back 29

GH

Front 30

the "Anti-GH", made in the hypothalamus, inhibits the secretion of GH

Back 30

somatostatin

Front 31

This works through the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) and contains at least _ subtypes

Back 31

somatostatin, 5 subtpyes

Front 32

These analogues are used to treat acromegaly and other instances of GH excess

Back 32

somatostatin

Front 33

This is a member of the somatotropin family

Back 33

prolactin

Front 34

This is made and secreted from the anterior pituitary

Back 34

prolactin

Front 35

secretion of prolactin is stimulated by ___ from the hypothalamus and inhibited by ___ from the hypothalamus
*mainly inhibitory

Back 35

thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and dopamine (DA)

Front 36

These receptors are responsible for inhibitory actions of dopamine

Back 36

dopamine D2 receptors

Front 37

Release of this is stimulated by stress, suckling, hypoglycemia, exercise and estrogen increases

Back 37

prolactin

Front 38

This hormone works via the prolactin receptor (cytokine family) and when bound it activates this

Back 38

prolactin hormone, activates JAK

Front 39

This stimulates lactation from the breasts and is widely distributed throughout a variety of tissues (other tissues are poorly understood)

Back 39

prolactin

Front 40

Are there any therapeutic uses for prolactin?

Back 40

NO

Front 41

Dopaminergic agents, Bromocriptine, Pergolide, Cabergoline, Quinaglide

Back 41

agents that alter prolactin secretion

Front 42

D2 AGONISTS _______ prolactin release

Back 42

inhibit

Front 43

D2 ANTAGONISTS remove dopamine inhibition, resulting in

Back 43

increase in prolactin secretion

Front 44

Bromocriptine and Cabergoline are

Back 44

D2 agonists, inhibiting prolactin release

Front 45

Pergolide is a

Back 45

DA receptor agonist

Front 46

Quinaglide is a non-ergot D2 agonist with a __ hour half-life

Back 46

22 hr

Front 47

This hormone regulates the hormonal cascade that results in ovulation

Back 47

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Front 48

____ in the hypothalamus stimulates __ and ___ in the anterior pituitary which targets the gonads and produces inhibin and sex steroids

Back 48

GnRH, LH and FSH

Front 49

A nonapeptide hormone and neurotransmitter

Back 49

oxytocin

Front 50

This is made in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Back 50

oxytocin

Front 51

Oxytocin is released into the circulation from the

Back 51

posterior pituitary

Front 52

Oxytocin is similar to VASOPRESSIN, but differs by

Back 52

2 amino acids

Front 53

This hormone is secreted in response to suckling, cervix changes and stress

Back 53

oxytocin

Front 54

Oxytocin is involved in inducing __________ and stimulates uterine

Back 54

parturition, contrations

Front 55

Oxytocin receptors are

Back 55

GPCRs coupled to Gq and G11

Front 56

Oxytocin binding to receptors results in an increase in intracellular __ and enhances activation of VG __ channels

Back 56

Ca++

Front 57

This hormone stimulates prostaglandin synthesis, which increases uterine contractions

Back 57

oxytocin

Front 58

Oxytocin as a drug is used to

Back 58

stimulate labor

Front 59

Atosiban, which contains this hormone, is an antagonist that is used to suppress pre-term labor

Back 59

oxytocin

Front 60

this hormone can be given to reduce hemorrhage

Back 60

oxytocin