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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Endocrinology?
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study of glands and the hormones they produce
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What are the (4) main endocrine hormones?
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-pituitary
-thyroid -adrenal cortex -pancreas |
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What does the Anterior Pituitary gland secrete?
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-FSH
-LH -TSH -GH -Prolactin |
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What does the Posterior Pituitary gland secrete?
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-ADH
-Oxytocin |
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What does the Thyroid gland secrete?
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-T3
-T4 -calcitonin |
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What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
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-glucocorticoids
-mineral corticoids -androgens |
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What does the pancreas secrete?
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-insulin
-glucagon |
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What are the indications for adrenal hormones?
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-addisons
-management of inflammation -arthritis -asthma -collagen disease -allergic reactions -head trauma -rashes |
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What are the two main corticoid hormones?
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-mineralcorticoids
-glucocorticoids (glucose+ cortex+ steroid) |
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What does the mineralcorticoids do?
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stimulates reabsorption of sodium in the kidney's tubules (modulate salt & water balance)
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When are mineralcortcoids released?
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-BP levels
-blood volume -sodium levels |
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How do glucocorticoids affect the immune system?
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when released they turn the immune system down
-allergies -asthma -autoimmune disease -sepsis |
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What is the pharmacologic effect of glucocorticoids?
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anti-inflammatory
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What is glucocorticoids job?
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influence carbohydrate metabolism
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What are SE of long term glucocorticoids use?
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-elevate blood glucose
-decreased bone mass -thin skin -abnormal fat distribution -immunosuppression |
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What is the most important glucocorticoid?
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cortisol
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The anterior pituitary regulates what physiological processes?
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-stress
-growth -reproduction -lactation |
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The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary effect what organs?
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-adrenal gland
-liver -bone -thyroid gland -gonads |
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What regulates the anterior pituitary?
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hypothalamus from negative feedback from the target organs
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Why don't we ever just stop steroids without weaning?
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pt must be weaned if on longer than a week. steroids cannot be abruptly stopped because the body needs time to start producing the steroid on its own again.
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If steroids are stop too fast?*
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-hypogylcemia
-hypotension -lead to death |
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What is the main function of aldosterone (mineralocortcoid)?
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-increase reabsorption of ions & water in the kidney
-this increases blood volume therefore increasing BP. |
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How does aldosterone work?
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-stimulates reabsorption of sodium
-keeps potassium in balance |
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What are the signs & symptoms of low aldosterone?
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-hyponatremia (low sodium)
-hyperkalemia (high potassium) -acidosis -n/v -HA -confusion |
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What are the signs & symptoms of high aldosterone?
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-increases risk of HF
-increases risk of HTN |
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What does too much thyroid hormone do to the body?
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hyperthyroidism (T3 & T4 low/TSH high)
-increased HR -dysrhythmias/angina -nervousness -insomnia -skeletal mm may weaken & atrophy -metabolic rate is raised -weight loss |
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What does too little thyroid hormone do to the body?
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hypothyroidism (T3 & T4 high/TSH low)
-face is pale & puffy -skin is cold & dry -hair brittle/loss -decreased HR -decreased temperature -weight gain |
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What is radioactive iodine (I-131)?
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isotope of iodine that emits radiation. when it is ingested it is absorbed into blood in the GI tract and concentrated by thyroid gland where is destroys the gland's cells.
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What do you teach your pt about I-131 RF ablation?
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-only over 30 years of age
-no children or pregnant women -use private toilet & flush twice -bathe daily & wash hands -drink normal fluids -use disposable utensils -sleep alone & avoid intimate contact -do not prepare food |
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When is I-131 RF going to be used?
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in Graves Disease (hyperthyroidism)
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What happens if too much I-131 is given?
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kills too many thyroid cells and causes hypothyroidism
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What is the prototype for posterior pituitary replacement?
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desmopressin acetate (DDAVP)
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How does DDAVP work?
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synthetic vasopressin (ADH); enables kidneys to concentrate urine if problem is with pituitary. water saving. increases factor VIII for hemophilia pt
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What pt in DDAVP indicated for?
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-neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)
-enuresis (bedwetting) -cardiac arrest pt (IV form) |
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What should you monitor with DDAVP?
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-monitor fluid balance
-watch for fluid overload |
