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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin |
-Targets Thyroid gland -Secretion of thyroid hormones -regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) or corticotropin |
-Targets Adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata) -Secretion of glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosterone) -regulated by Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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(Gonadotropin) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or follitropin |
Targets Follicle cells of ovaries -Secretion of estrogen, follicle development -regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Nurse cells of ovaries -Stimulation of sperm maturation |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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(Gonadotropin) Luteinizing hormone (LH) or lutropin |
Follicle cells of ovaries -ovulation, formation of corpus luteum, secretion of progesterone and estrogen -regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Interstitial cells of testes -secretion of testosterone |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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(Gonadotropin) Prolactin (PRL) |
-mammary glands -production of milk -prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) and prolacting-inhibiting hormone (PIH) |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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(Gonadotropin) Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin |
-all cells -growth, protein synthesis, lipid mobilization and catabolism -Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) or somatocrinin and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GH-IH) or somatostatin |
Pars distalis, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) or melanotropin |
Not active in normal adults. -Melanocytes -increased melanin synthesis in epidermis -Melanocyte-stimulating hormone-inhibiting hormone (MSH-IH) |
Pars intermedia, Anterior Lobe, Pituitary Gland |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka vasopressin (VP) |
-Kidneys -Reabsorption of water, elevation of blood volume - transported along axons from supraoptic nucleus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Oxytocin (OXT) |
Uterus, mammary glands -labor contractions, milk ejection
Ducts deferens and prostate gland -contraction of ductus deferens and prostate gland - transported along axons from paraventricular nucleus to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Effects of Thyroid Hormones on peripheral tissues |
1 elevates rates of oxygen consumption and energy consumption; in children, may cause a rise in body temperature 2 increases heart rate and force of contraction; generally results in a rise in blood pressure 3 increases sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation 4 maintains normal sensitivity of respiratory centers to changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations 5 stimulates red blood cell formation and thus enhances oxygen delivery 6 stimulates activity in other endocrine tissues 7 accelerates turnover of minerals in bone |
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Calcitonin (CT) |
produce by C (clear) cells of the thyroid gland - C cells respond directly to an elevation in the calcium ion concentration of blood -helps regulate calcium ions concentrations in body fluid - inhibits osteoclast, which slows the rate of calcium ions released from bone, and stimulates calcium ions excretion by the kidneys - not controlled by the hypothalamus nor pituitary gland |
Thyroid gland |
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Thyroxine (T4)/Triiodothyronine (T3) |
Produced by follicular epithelium -most cells - increases energy utilization, oxygen consumption, growth, and development - stimulated by TSH |
Thyroid gland |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Produced by parathyroid (chief) cells -bone,kidneys - increases calcium ion concentrations in body fluids - stimulated by low blood calcium ion levels; PTH effects enhanced by calcitriol and opposed by calcitonin |
Parathyroid Glands |
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Mineralcorticoids primarily aldosterone |
Produced by Zona glomerulosa -Kidneys - increases renal reabsorption of sodium ion and water (especially in the presence of ADH), and accelerate urinary loss of potassium ion - stimulated by angiotensin II, elevated blood potassium ion or fall and blood sodium ion; inhibited by ANP and BNP |
Adrenal cortex |
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Glucocorticoids (cortisol [hydrocortisone], corticosterone) |
Produced by Zona fasciculata - most cells - increases rates of glucose and glycogen formation by the liver; release of amino acids from skeletal muscles, and lipids from adipose tissues; promote peripheral utilization of lipids; anti-inflammatory effects - stimulated by ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
Adrenal cortex |
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Androgens |
Produced by Zona reticularis -most cells - adrenal androgens stimulate the development of pubic hair in boys and girls before puberty - stimulated by ACTH |
Adrenal cortex |
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Epinephrine (E), Norepinephrine (NE) |
-most cells - increases cardiac activity, blood pressure, glycogen break down, blood glucose levels; releases lipids by adipose tissue - stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic fibers |
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Melatonin |
Synthesized by pinealocytes -inhibiting the production functions, protection against damage by free radicals, influencing circadian rhythms |
Pineal gland |
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Glucagon |
Produced by Alpha cells -liver, adipose tissue - mobilizes lipid reserves; promote glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown in liver; elevates blood glucose concentrations - stimulated by low blood glucose concentrations; inhibited by GH-IH from Delta cells |
Pancreatic Islets |
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Insulin |
Produced by Beta cells -most cells - facilitates uptake of glucose by target cells; stimulates formation and storage of lipids and glycogen - stimulated by high blood glucose concentrations, parasympathetic stimulation, and high levels of some amino acids; inhibited by GH-IH from Delta cells and by sympathetic activation |
Pancreatic Islets |
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Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GH-IH) or somatostatin |
Produced by Delta cells - other islets cells , digestive epithelium - inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion; slows rates of nutrient absorption and enzyme secretion along digestive tract - stimulated by protein-rich meal; mechanism unclear |
Pancreatic Islets |
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Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) |
Produced by F cells -Digestive organs - inhibits gallbladder contraction; regulates production of pancreatic enzymes; influence rate of nutrient absorption by digestive tract - stimulated by protein-rich meal and by parasympathetic stimulation |
Pancreatic Islets |
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Many (secretin, gastrin, chokecystokinin, etc.) |
-other regions and organs of the digestive system -coordinate digestive activities |
Intestines |
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Erythropoietin (EPO) Calcitriol |
- red bone marrow intestinal lining, bone, kidneys - stimulates red blood cell production stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption; stimulates calcium ion release from bone; inhibits PTH secretion |
Kidneys |
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Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) |
-Kidneys, hypothalamus, adrenal gland - increases water and salt laws at kidneys; decrease thirst; suppress secretion of ADH and aldosterone |
Heart |
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Thymosins (many) |
-Lymphocytes and other cells of the immune response - coordinate and regulate immune response |
Thymus |
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Leptin |
-hypothalamus - suppression of appetite; permissive effects on GnRH and gonadotropin synthesis |
Adipose tissue |
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Androgens |
Produced by interstitial cells -most cells - support functional maturation of sperm, protein synthesis in skeletal muscles, male secondary sex characteristics, and associated behaviors - stimulated by LH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
Testes |
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Inhibin |
Produced by Nurse cells -Pituitary gland - inhibits secretion of FSH - stimulated by FSH from the anterior lobe |
Testes |
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Estrogen |
Produced by follicular cells -most cells - support follicle maturation, female secondary sex characteristics, and associated behaviors - stimulated by FSH and LH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
Ovaries |
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Progesterone |
Produced by Corpus luteum -Uterus, mammary glands - prepares uterus for implantation; prepares mammary glands for secretory activity - stimulated by LH from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
Ovaries |
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Effects of Intracellular Hormone Binding (Steroid Hormones) |
1 diffusion through membrane lipids tube 2 binding of hormone to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors 3 binding of hormone - receptor complex to DNA 4 gene activation 5 transcription and mRNA production 6 translation and protein synthesis 7 alteration of cellular structure or activity 8 target cell response target cell response |
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Effects of Intracellular Hormone Binding (Thyroid hormones) |
1 transport across plasma membrane 2 binding of receptors at mitochondria and nucleus 3 binding of hormone - receptor complex to DNA 4 gene activation 5 transcription and mRNA production 6 translation and protein synthesis 7 alteration of cellular structure or activity 8 target cell response |
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