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41 Cards in this Set
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ADH |
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) >helps your kidneys manage the amount of water in your body..
*ADH is also called arginine vasopressin. >made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. > It tells your kidneys how much water to conserve.ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood. Higher water concentration increases the volume and pressure of your blood. Osmotic sensors and baroreceptors work with ADH to maintain water metabolism. |
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Oxytocin |
**Produced fr. Paraventricular Nucleus within the Hypothalamus and "STORED" in Posterior pituitary glands...
Female: --strengthen labor contractions during childbirth --cause "RELEASE MILK" -aka: bonding/attachment hormone Male: -- contraction of smooth muscle in prostate gland --facilitates (helps movement) sperm within male reproductive system --aka "Love😍Hormone"
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Calcitonin |
Procuced by Parafollicular Cells in the Thyroid (Aka: ---C Cell) -ALSO thyroid hormone but NOT refer as thyroid hormone.. -decrease serum Ca++ Ion.. -decrease Blood Ca++ levels -increase Bone Osteocyte -decrease Bone Osterclast -increase kidney Ca++ excretion
Stimilus: -high Ca++ excretion -high Blood Ca++ levels
Calcium important for: 1. Nervous System: excocytosis 2. Endocrine system: second messenger system 3. Bone (stong); muscle contraction
Its main actions are to increase bone calcium content and decrease the blood calcium level when it rises above normal. It also lowers the blood phosphorus level when that rises above normal. Calcitonin opposes the effects of parathyroid hormone, which acts to increase the blood level of calcium. |
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2 major group of cells in the Thyroid |
1. Follicular Cell -produce: T3 &T4 2. Parafollicular Cells (aka: C Cell) -produce: Calcitonin Two group of cells with different function.. |
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T4 |
Thyroxine (T4) --conatins 4 Iodide ion
Difference fr. T3 is the number of iodide atoms.. |
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T3 |
Triiodothyronine (T3) --Contains 3 iodine ions..
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Throid hormone |
<T3 and T4> -Metabolis -increase BMR (basal metabolic rate) -important for your growth, increase metabolis so will help with growth -Calorigenic effects of growth hormone: the role of thyroid hormones. ... GH administration increases energy expenditure, independent of changes in lean body mass, in healthy, obese, and GH-deficient subjects. -increase production of heat (temperature regulations) -move in cold area you will increase production levels of T3&T4 becuz body try to increase heat to compensate foe body temp.. -increase metabolism wil help your growth along with GH -Calorigenic effect: increase heat production
Also: Calcitonin fr. The Parafollicular Cells |
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MSH |
<Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone> **stimulates melanocyte to produce more "pigment"
-produce by Anterior pituitary gland gland gland Note: "peptide hormone"
- Secretion cause: -dramatic darkening of skin -function of Melanocyte: color -Melanin: dark brown to black
Not common: hormone that you dont produce it all the time..as your start to grow you stop producing... Only: infants produce it as soon as they are born bcuz they dont have much coloration so they start producting it to protect them from the sun. Pregnant wpman also procuce.. Example: the line in the center of stomach.... MSH overproduction |
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TSH |
<Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone> Aka : thyrotrpoin **Hormone that stimulates your thyroid to produce its own hormones
Tropic Hormone: a hormone that stimulates another gland to produce its own hormone is consider a "tropic hormone"
1.TSH (fr. Anterior pituitary gland) 2. Goes to THRYOID 3-. >Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormone T3&T4.. |
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ACTH |
<Adrenocorticotropic Hormone> Adreno- ;adreno gland Corticol-; cortex (outermost section of organ) so its stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland.... Tropic-; a hormone that make another gland to produce its own hormone **Stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce its own hormone (Adrenal cortex hormone: Cortisol)
1. ACTH fr. Pituitary gland 2. Goes to Adrenal gland and tells it to produce its own hormone 3. Adrenal cortex produce 4. CORTISOL HORMONE (Steroid base) |
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Gonadotropic Hormone |
Gonado-, sex organs(ovaries/testes) Tropic-, a hormone that stimulates a gland to produce it's own hormones ****Gonadotropics Hormone is going to tell your ovaries and testies to produce its own hormone
1. FSH -FOLLICLE- STIMULATING HORMONE 2. LH -LUTEINIZING HORMONE |
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FSH |
<Follicle-Stimulating Hormones> Female: FSH ** Stimulates growth of female follicles (eggs that are surrounded by cells, cells that protect and sustain the đevelopment/ growth of egges ) -cells inside of ovaries -as they grow they prepare and mature the eggs to be release every month.. ☆FSH stimulate Estrogen production
Male: stimulates "Nurse cells" in male testies.. "Nurse cells" nurses the important cells -protect and stimulate the -Production of Sperms ..FSH tells nurse cell to matuure the sperm
In women, this hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. It also increases oestradiol production. In men, follicle stimulating hormone acts on the Sertoli cells of the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis |
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LH |
<Luteinizing Hormone> Female: Hormone responsible for Ovulation ( to release egg on 14th day of your cycle) every month As you to this, your ovaries start producing more Estrogen and Progesterone...
*stimulates Ovulation, and Estrogen and Progesterone "production"..
Males: stimulates production of "Testosterone" In females, an acute rise of LH ("LH surge") triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone |
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GH |
<GROWTH HORMONE> - ** Hormone you produce that makes your cells GROW in size and in number.. GH STIUMLATE THE CELL DEVISION of your cells so you can increase the number of cell and in size as well.. -entire body is the target But Cella most stimulated are chondrocyte, muscle, bones becuz thats wat u need to increase in size quickly as u are growing up.. -ALL CELL WILL BE TARGET -Macromolecules; GLUCOSE very important that you need during your growth peroid.. ENERGY -OVERPRODUCTION OF GH: -can have a diabetic effect as well Increase of glucose level due to overstimulation of GH.. Increase GH= Increase Glucos levels (Natural function of GH.. to increase glucose levels) |
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PRL |
<Prolactin> hormones Pro: produce Lactin: lactase "Milke" **Stimulates the increase production of Milk -make your mammary glands to enlarge
Male: Stimulates interstitial cell to take more LH; "make produce more "Testosterone
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With both male and female.. Prolactin have something to do with the reproductive cycle and function .... |
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Calcitriol |
-Increases Ca++ in blood -Calcitriol tells your to absorbe Ca++ from food.. (Increase Ca++ Absorbtion in intestine). -For your kidney to produce Calcitriol , you Need Vitamin D (precursor for Calcitriol production).
-vit D comes fr. Skin and diet. (Stimulated by UV light.. UV light hit skin, u produce vItamins D)
-calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone.
1. Need sun to produce Vit d 2. That get transported to you kidney 3. Kidney converts it to Calcitriol
Calcitriol is used to treat and prevent low levels of calcium and bone disease in patients whose kidneys or parathyroid glands (glands in the neck that release natural substances to control the amount of calcium in the blood) are not working normally |
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Calcitonin |
Aka: "Bone Builder" Made from Parafollicular Cells in the thyroid.. FUNCTION : Decrease Calcium (Ca++) ion in Blood but putting it in the BONE and tellling KIDNEY to excrete Ca++ (increase Ca++ excretion) -how do i make bone?--by getting Ca++ out of blood and putting it in the Bone.. STIMILUS: Wat make u release Calcitonin?Answer: high Ca++ levels in the blood Cells that make bone: "Osteocyte aka Osteoblast |
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PTH |
<Parathyroid Hormone> Aka: "Bone Breaker"Function:-increase Ca++ in the Blood by taking Ca++ out of the Bone and put it in the Blood PTH will Stimulate Osteolast STIMULUS: WHAT MAKES YOU PRODUCE PTH?-- low Calcium Ca++ in Blood
TARGETS: Bone/Kidney Humoral stimulus : something in blood that tells your parathyroid to release PTH Some thing in blood that is stimulating it.. not a hormone |
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Thyroid Hormone Regulations |
Thyroid produce 3 hormone.What are the 3 thyroid hormone? 1. T3 2. T4 3. CALCITONIN PROBLEM IS: They come frm. Different cells T3&T4 comes fr. FOLLICULAR CELLS CALCITONIN comes fr. Parafollicular. Regulating the Release of hormone is different for those cells.. |
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Aldosterone |
Function: Primary functions is to increase (sodium) Na+ ion in body and by increasing Na, also get rid of potassium K+.. Secondary function: as you increase Na+ ion, you retain water, if you retain water you also increase Blood Pressure.... (So, it increase both volumn and pressure)....
Come fr. : Zona Glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex. Effect: Keep Sodium & Get rid of Potassium Stimulus: Low Sodium or High Potassium......another is Low BP Pressure/ Low bBlood Volumn.... to releast "Aldosteron"
Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands and colon. ---Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body. This helps control blood pressure and the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the blood. The kidney hormone renin normally stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone |
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Glucocorticoid |
<Glucocorticoid> aka CORTISOL/cortisone (glucose + cortex + steroid) => Zona Fasciculata --regulation of glucose metabolism, synthesis in the adrenal cortex, and its steroidal structure --help your body respond to stress and regulate how your body uses fat and sugar.. --Increase Blood Glucose --release when you stress sideffect: Decrease WBC activities and your get sick easier.... Prescribe when u have allergy (WBC go crazy or out of wack) thats y u this med to reduce WBC Activities (stop WBC from destroying your own body "autoimmunity)... Sideeffect: you tend to get more sick.. that is why they dont really prescribed it unless u really need it becuz it affectbur entire body.. (Cortisol medications really well regulated)......
What STIMULate U TO PRODUCE (Glucocorticoid)??? -- answer: a hotmone "ACTH" fr. Pituitary gland...
1. CRH fr. Hypothalamus 2. Goes to Anterior pituitary glands and stinulate ir ro release ACTH.. 3. ACTH Goes to Adrenal Cortex and stimulates it to produce Glucocorticoids.. |
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Androgen |
Prodeuced in : <Zona Reticularis in Adrenal Cortex> Andro- =>Males Example of Andregen hormone is: "Teststroteon" --->steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.[1] This includes the embryological development of the primary male sex organs, and the development of male secondary sex characteristics at puberty. Androgens are synthesized in the testes, the ovaries, and the adrenal glands. STIMULUS: TO RELEASE "Teststroteon" ------>CRH & ACTH |
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Adrenal Medulla hormones? |
Produce 2 diff. HORMONE WITH SAME/SIMILARE EFFECT/EFDECT... 1.EPINEPHRINE [80%] 2.NOREPINEPHRINE (20%)
NE: Same functions as Sympathetic Division.. --increase⬆❤rate & ⬆Blood BP --⬆Glucose Level cuz u nees energy foe fight or flight... Stimilus: NEURAL (NEURONS) in sympathetic divison tells Medulla to release Epinephrine & Norepinephrine....
Once release in blood these 2 hormone will affect all the targets on the sympathetic divison
Epinephrine: Most people know epinephrine by its other name—adrenaline. ...Norepinephrine: Also known as noradrenaline, this hormone works with epinephrine in responding to stress. --shake heart rate goe up sweat...
It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Cushing's syndrome is the result of excessive corticosteroids in the body. The main cause is overproduction of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in the pituitary gland. ACTH causes the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroids, so too much of ACTH means too much of corticosteroids. |
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Epinephrine |
Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, hormone that is secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands and that functions primarily to increase cardiac output and to raise glucose levels in the blood. Epinephrine typically is released during acute stress, and its stimulatory effects fortify and prepare an individual for either “fight or flight” substances are key stimulatory components of the sympathetic nervous system (part of the autonomic nervous system), |
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Norepinephrine |
Fr. <ARENAL MEDULLA> --Blood pressure supportIt can treat low blood pressure and heart failure. norepinephrine increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers the release of glucose from energy stores, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to the gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility. |
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GnRH |
<Gonadotropin-releasing hormone> ==>*GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins—luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)—by the anterior pituitary gland. =>GnRH is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain. GnRH moves through the bloodstream to the pituitary gland. There, it binds to certain receptors. Those receptors signal the pituitary gland to create two more hormones: LH and follicle-stimulating hormone |
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CRH |
<Corticotropin-releasing hormone> Function: is the stimulation of the pituitary synthesis of ACTH Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a 41-amino acid peptide derived from a 196-amino acid preprohormone. CRH is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stressCorticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response. |
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Leptin |
Leptin, the "satiety hormone", is a hormone made by adipose cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Leptin is opposed by the actions of the hormone ghrelin, the "hunger hormone Being resistant to this hormone's effects (called leptin resistance) is now believed to be the leading driver of fat gain in humans |
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Calcitriol |
vitamin D or calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. |
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GHRH |
Hypothalamus Secrets --> Stimulates the anterior pituitary glands to release GH (growth hormone) |
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GHIH |
<Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormones> Hypothalamus SECRETS ==> Stimulates anterior pituitary glands to inhibit GH RELEASE |
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PRF |
<Prolactin-Releasing Factor> ➡Hypothalamus Secrets ==> Stimulates anterior pituitary gland to produce / Prolactin
⛤elaborated by the hypothalamus that stimulate the release of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland. Most such activity is exerted by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, although in humans thyrotropin-releasing hormone can also have this action. |
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PIH |
<Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone> ⛦ Aka: "Dopamine" ✔Hypothalamus Secrets
One of the main regulators of the production of prolactin from the pituitary gland is the hormone called dopamine, which is produced by the hypothalamus, the part of the brain directly above the pituitary gland. Dopamine restrains prolactin production, so the more dopamine there is, the less prolactin is released. |
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TRH |
<Thyrotropin-releasing hormone>
thyrotropin-releasing factor or thyroliberin, is a releasing hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, that stimulates the release of thyrotropin and prolactin from the anterior pituitary.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was originally found in the hypothalamus of the brain (R).It is found widely in the brain and is considered a neurotransmitter (R).TRH controls (R):energy balance (homeostasis)eating patternsthermogenesis (heat production)autonomic regulation (the unconscious control of vital bodily functions) thyrotropin [thi´ro-tro″pin, thi-rot´rah-pin]a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that has an affinity for and specifically stimulates the thyroid gland. Called also thyroid-stimulating hormone. |
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CRH |
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus which, among other functions, releases hormones. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone has several important actions. Its main role in the body is as the central driver of the stress hormone system, known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone is given this name because it causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary gland. Adrenocorticotropic hormone in turn travels in the bloodstream to the adrenal glands, where it causes the secretion of the stress hormone cortisol. |
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GnRH |
GnRH is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus region of the brain. GnRH moves through the bloodstream to the pituitary gland. There, it binds to certain receptors. Those receptors signal the pituitary gland to create two more hormones: LH and follicle-stimulating hormone GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the two gonadotropins—luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)—by the anterior pituitary gland. |
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FSH |
Follicle stimulating hormone ==> Fr. "Adrenal pituitary glands" --> Estrogen Production is one of the hormones essential to pubertal development and the function of women's ovaries and men's testes. In women, this hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. It also increases oestradiol production. In men, follicle stimulating hormone acts on the Sertoli cells of the testes to stimulate sperm production (spermatogenesis).
Follicle stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. It regulates the functions of both the ovaries and testes. Lack or insufficiency of it can cause infertility or subfertility both in men and women |
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LH |
Luteinising hormone, like follicle stimulating hormone, is a gonadotrophic hormone produced and released by cells in the anterior pituitary gland. It is crucial in regulating the function of the testes in men and ovaries in women.In men, luteinising hormone stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, which acts locally to support sperm production. Testosterone also exerts effects all around the body to generate male characteristics such as increased muscle mass, enlargement of the larynx to generate a deep voice, and the growth of facial and body hair. women, luteinising hormone carries out different roles in the two halves of the menstrual cycle. In weeks one to two of the cycle, luteinising hormone is required to stimulate the ovarian follicles in the ovary to produce the female sex hormone, oestradiol. Around day 14 of the cycle, a surge in luteinising hormone levels causes the ovarian follicle to tear and release a mature oocyte (egg) from the ovary, a process called ovulation. For the remainder of the cycle (weeks three to four), the remnants of the ovarian follicle form a corpus luteum. Luteinising hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone, which is required to support the early stages of pregnancy, if fertilisation occurs |
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Progesterone |
Progesterone plays a role in maintaining pregnancy. The hormone is produced in the ovaries, the placenta (when a woman gets pregnant) and the adrenal glands. It helps prepare your body for conception and pregnancy and regulates the monthly menstrual cycle. It also plays a role in sexual desire. |
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Cortisol |
Cortisol is made by the adrenal glands . Cortisol levels go up when the pituitary gland releases another hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Cortisol has many functions. It helps the body use sugar (glucose) and fat for energy (metabolism), and it helps the body manage stress. |
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Thymosin |
Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells. |
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